Difference between revisions of "User:Jon Awbrey/TABLE"
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Jon Awbrey (talk | contribs) (→Functional Quantifiers: fractal checkerboard) |
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===Test Patterns=== | ===Test Patterns=== | ||
− | {| | + | {| align="center" |
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| style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
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|}<br> | |}<br> | ||
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| style="background:black; color:white" | 0 | | style="background:black; color:white" | 0 | ||
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| <math>\alpha_{15}</math> | | <math>\alpha_{15}</math> | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_0</math> | + | | <math>f_0</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 0000 |
− | | | + | | <math>(~)</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_1</math> | + | | <math>f_1</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 0001 |
− | | | + | | <math>(u)(v)\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_2</math> | + | | <math>f_2</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 0010 |
− | | | + | | <math>(u) v\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_3</math> | + | | <math>f_3</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 0011 |
− | | | + | | <math>(u)\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_4</math> | + | | <math>f_4</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 0100 |
− | | | + | | <math>u (v)\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_5</math> | + | | <math>f_5</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 0101 |
− | | | + | | <math>(v)\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_6</math> | + | | <math>f_6</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 0110 |
− | | | + | | <math>(u, v)\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_7</math> | + | | <math>f_7</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 0111 |
− | | | + | | <math>(u v)\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_8</math> | + | | <math>f_8</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 1000 |
− | | 1 | + | | <math>u v\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_9</math> | + | | <math>f_9</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 1001 |
− | | 1 | + | | <math>((u, v))\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_{10}</math> | + | | <math>f_{10}</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 1010 |
− | | | + | | <math>v\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_{11}</math> | + | | <math>f_{11}</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 1011 |
− | | 1 | + | | <math>(u (v))\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_{12}</math> | + | | <math>f_{12}</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 1100 |
− | | | + | | <math>u\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_{13}</math> | + | | <math>f_{13}</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 1101 |
− | | 1 | + | | <math>((u) v)\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_{14}</math> | + | | <math>f_{14}</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 1110 |
− | | | + | | <math>((u)(v))\!</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:white; color:black" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <math>f_{15}</math> | + | | <math>f_{15}</math> |
− | | 1 | + | | 1111 |
− | | 1 | + | | <math>((~))</math> |
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
+ | | style="background:black; color:white" | 1 | ||
|}<br> | |}<br> | ||
Revision as of 21:32, 12 December 2008
Differential Logic
Ascii Tables
Table 1. Propositional Forms On Two Variables o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o | L_1 | L_2 | L_3 | L_4 | L_5 | L_6 | | | | | | | | | Decimal | Binary | Vector | Cactus | English | Ordinary | o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o | | x : 1 1 0 0 | | | | | | y : 1 0 1 0 | | | | o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o | | | | | | | | f_0 | f_0000 | 0 0 0 0 | () | false | 0 | | | | | | | | | f_1 | f_0001 | 0 0 0 1 | (x)(y) | neither x nor y | ~x & ~y | | | | | | | | | f_2 | f_0010 | 0 0 1 0 | (x) y | y and not x | ~x & y | | | | | | | | | f_3 | f_0011 | 0 0 1 1 | (x) | not x | ~x | | | | | | | | | f_4 | f_0100 | 0 1 0 0 | x (y) | x and not y | x & ~y | | | | | | | | | f_5 | f_0101 | 0 1 0 1 | (y) | not y | ~y | | | | | | | | | f_6 | f_0110 | 0 1 1 0 | (x, y) | x not equal to y | x + y | | | | | | | | | f_7 | f_0111 | 0 1 1 1 | (x y) | not both x and y | ~x v ~y | | | | | | | | | f_8 | f_1000 | 1 0 0 0 | x y | x and y | x & y | | | | | | | | | f_9 | f_1001 | 1 0 0 1 | ((x, y)) | x equal to y | x = y | | | | | | | | | f_10 | f_1010 | 1 0 1 0 | y | y | y | | | | | | | | | f_11 | f_1011 | 1 0 1 1 | (x (y)) | not x without y | x => y | | | | | | | | | f_12 | f_1100 | 1 1 0 0 | x | x | x | | | | | | | | | f_13 | f_1101 | 1 1 0 1 | ((x) y) | not y without x | x <= y | | | | | | | | | f_14 | f_1110 | 1 1 1 0 | ((x)(y)) | x or y | x v y | | | | | | | | | f_15 | f_1111 | 1 1 1 1 | (()) | true | 1 | | | | | | | | o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
Table 2. Ef Expanded Over Ordinary Features {x, y} o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | | f | Ef | xy | Ef | x(y) | Ef | (x)y | Ef | (x)(y)| | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_0 | () | () | () | () | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_1 | (x)(y) | dx dy | dx (dy) | (dx) dy | (dx)(dy) | | | | | | | | | f_2 | (x) y | dx (dy) | dx dy | (dx)(dy) | (dx) dy | | | | | | | | | f_4 | x (y) | (dx) dy | (dx)(dy) | dx dy | dx (dy) | | | | | | | | | f_8 | x y | (dx)(dy) | (dx) dy | dx (dy) | dx dy | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_3 | (x) | dx | dx | (dx) | (dx) | | | | | | | | | f_12 | x | (dx) | (dx) | dx | dx | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_6 | (x, y) | (dx, dy) | ((dx, dy)) | ((dx, dy)) | (dx, dy) | | | | | | | | | f_9 | ((x, y)) | ((dx, dy)) | (dx, dy) | (dx, dy) | ((dx, dy)) | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_5 | (y) | dy | (dy) | dy | (dy) | | | | | | | | | f_10 | y | (dy) | dy | (dy) | dy | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_7 | (x y) | ((dx)(dy)) | ((dx) dy) | (dx (dy)) | (dx dy) | | | | | | | | | f_11 | (x (y)) | ((dx) dy) | ((dx)(dy)) | (dx dy) | (dx (dy)) | | | | | | | | | f_13 | ((x) y) | (dx (dy)) | (dx dy) | ((dx)(dy)) | ((dx) dy) | | | | | | | | | f_14 | ((x)(y)) | (dx dy) | (dx (dy)) | ((dx) dy) | ((dx)(dy)) | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_15 | (()) | (()) | (()) | (()) | (()) | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
Table 3. Df Expanded Over Ordinary Features {x, y} o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | | f | Df | xy | Df | x(y) | Df | (x)y | Df | (x)(y)| | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_0 | () | () | () | () | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_1 | (x)(y) | dx dy | dx (dy) | (dx) dy | ((dx)(dy)) | | | | | | | | | f_2 | (x) y | dx (dy) | dx dy | ((dx)(dy)) | (dx) dy | | | | | | | | | f_4 | x (y) | (dx) dy | ((dx)(dy)) | dx dy | dx (dy) | | | | | | | | | f_8 | x y | ((dx)(dy)) | (dx) dy | dx (dy) | dx dy | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_3 | (x) | dx | dx | dx | dx | | | | | | | | | f_12 | x | dx | dx | dx | dx | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_6 | (x, y) | (dx, dy) | (dx, dy) | (dx, dy) | (dx, dy) | | | | | | | | | f_9 | ((x, y)) | (dx, dy) | (dx, dy) | (dx, dy) | (dx, dy) | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_5 | (y) | dy | dy | dy | dy | | | | | | | | | f_10 | y | dy | dy | dy | dy | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_7 | (x y) | ((dx)(dy)) | (dx) dy | dx (dy) | dx dy | | | | | | | | | f_11 | (x (y)) | (dx) dy | ((dx)(dy)) | dx dy | dx (dy) | | | | | | | | | f_13 | ((x) y) | dx (dy) | dx dy | ((dx)(dy)) | (dx) dy | | | | | | | | | f_14 | ((x)(y)) | dx dy | dx (dy) | (dx) dy | ((dx)(dy)) | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_15 | (()) | () | () | () | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
Table 4. Ef Expanded Over Differential Features {dx, dy} o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | | f | T_11 f | T_10 f | T_01 f | T_00 f | | | | | | | | | | | Ef| dx dy | Ef| dx(dy) | Ef| (dx)dy | Ef|(dx)(dy)| | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_0 | () | () | () | () | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_1 | (x)(y) | x y | x (y) | (x) y | (x)(y) | | | | | | | | | f_2 | (x) y | x (y) | x y | (x)(y) | (x) y | | | | | | | | | f_4 | x (y) | (x) y | (x)(y) | x y | x (y) | | | | | | | | | f_8 | x y | (x)(y) | (x) y | x (y) | x y | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_3 | (x) | x | x | (x) | (x) | | | | | | | | | f_12 | x | (x) | (x) | x | x | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_6 | (x, y) | (x, y) | ((x, y)) | ((x, y)) | (x, y) | | | | | | | | | f_9 | ((x, y)) | ((x, y)) | (x, y) | (x, y) | ((x, y)) | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_5 | (y) | y | (y) | y | (y) | | | | | | | | | f_10 | y | (y) | y | (y) | y | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_7 | (x y) | ((x)(y)) | ((x) y) | (x (y)) | (x y) | | | | | | | | | f_11 | (x (y)) | ((x) y) | ((x)(y)) | (x y) | (x (y)) | | | | | | | | | f_13 | ((x) y) | (x (y)) | (x y) | ((x)(y)) | ((x) y) | | | | | | | | | f_14 | ((x)(y)) | (x y) | (x (y)) | ((x) y) | ((x)(y)) | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_15 | (()) | (()) | (()) | (()) | (()) | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | Fixed Point Total | 4 | 4 | 4 | 16 | | | | | | | o-------------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
Table 5. Df Expanded Over Differential Features {dx, dy} o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | | f | Df| dx dy | Df| dx(dy) | Df| (dx)dy | Df|(dx)(dy)| | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_0 | () | () | () | () | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_1 | (x)(y) | ((x, y)) | (y) | (x) | () | | | | | | | | | f_2 | (x) y | (x, y) | y | (x) | () | | | | | | | | | f_4 | x (y) | (x, y) | (y) | x | () | | | | | | | | | f_8 | x y | ((x, y)) | y | x | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_3 | (x) | (()) | (()) | () | () | | | | | | | | | f_12 | x | (()) | (()) | () | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_6 | (x, y) | () | (()) | (()) | () | | | | | | | | | f_9 | ((x, y)) | () | (()) | (()) | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_5 | (y) | (()) | () | (()) | () | | | | | | | | | f_10 | y | (()) | () | (()) | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_7 | (x y) | ((x, y)) | y | x | () | | | | | | | | | f_11 | (x (y)) | (x, y) | (y) | x | () | | | | | | | | | f_13 | ((x) y) | (x, y) | y | (x) | () | | | | | | | | | f_14 | ((x)(y)) | ((x, y)) | (y) | (x) | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o | | | | | | | | f_15 | (()) | () | () | () | () | | | | | | | | o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
Wiki Tables
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
x : | 1 1 0 0 | ||||
y : | 1 0 1 0 | ||||
f0 | f0000 | 0 0 0 0 | ( ) | false | 0 |
f1 | f0001 | 0 0 0 1 | (x)(y) | neither x nor y | ¬x ∧ ¬y |
f2 | f0010 | 0 0 1 0 | (x) y | y and not x | ¬x ∧ y |
f3 | f0011 | 0 0 1 1 | (x) | not x | ¬x |
f4 | f0100 | 0 1 0 0 | x (y) | x and not y | x ∧ ¬y |
f5 | f0101 | 0 1 0 1 | (y) | not y | ¬y |
f6 | f0110 | 0 1 1 0 | (x, y) | x not equal to y | x ≠ y |
f7 | f0111 | 0 1 1 1 | (x y) | not both x and y | ¬x ∨ ¬y |
f8 | f1000 | 1 0 0 0 | x y | x and y | x ∧ y |
f9 | f1001 | 1 0 0 1 | ((x, y)) | x equal to y | x = y |
f10 | f1010 | 1 0 1 0 | y | y | y |
f11 | f1011 | 1 0 1 1 | (x (y)) | not x without y | x → y |
f12 | f1100 | 1 1 0 0 | x | x | x |
f13 | f1101 | 1 1 0 1 | ((x) y) | not y without x | x ← y |
f14 | f1110 | 1 1 1 0 | ((x)(y)) | x or y | x ∨ y |
f15 | f1111 | 1 1 1 1 | (( )) | true | 1 |
Inquiry Driven Systems
Table 1. Sign Relation of Interpreter A
Table 1. Sign Relation of Interpreter A o---------------o---------------o---------------o | Object | Sign | Interpretant | o---------------o---------------o---------------o | A | "A" | "A" | | A | "A" | "i" | | A | "i" | "A" | | A | "i" | "i" | | B | "B" | "B" | | B | "B" | "u" | | B | "u" | "B" | | B | "u" | "u" | o---------------o---------------o---------------o
Object | Sign | Interpretant |
---|---|---|
A | "A" | "A" |
A | "A" | "i" |
A | "i" | "A" |
A | "i" | "i" |
B | "B" | "B" |
B | "B" | "u" |
B | "u" | "B" |
B | "u" | "u" |
Table 2. Sign Relation of Interpreter B
Table 2. Sign Relation of Interpreter B o---------------o---------------o---------------o | Object | Sign | Interpretant | o---------------o---------------o---------------o | A | "A" | "A" | | A | "A" | "u" | | A | "u" | "A" | | A | "u" | "u" | | B | "B" | "B" | | B | "B" | "i" | | B | "i" | "B" | | B | "i" | "i" | o---------------o---------------o---------------o
Object | Sign | Interpretant |
---|---|---|
A | "A" | "A" |
A | "A" | "u" |
A | "u" | "A" |
A | "u" | "u" |
B | "B" | "B" |
B | "B" | "i" |
B | "i" | "B" |
B | "i" | "i" |
Table 3. Semiotic Partition of Interpreter A
Table 3. A's Semiotic Partition o-------------------------------o | "A" "i" | o-------------------------------o | "u" "B" | o-------------------------------o
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Table 4. Semiotic Partition of Interpreter B
Table 4. B's Semiotic Partition o---------------o---------------o | "A" | "i" | | | | | "u" | "B" | o---------------o---------------o
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Table 5. Alignments of Capacities
Table 5. Alignments of Capacities o-------------------o-----------------------------o | Formal | Formative | o-------------------o-----------------------------o | Objective | Instrumental | | Passive | Active | o-------------------o--------------o--------------o | Afforded | Possessed | Exercised | o-------------------o--------------o--------------o
Table 6. Alignments of Capacities in Aristotle
Table 6. Alignments of Capacities in Aristotle o-------------------o-----------------------------o | Matter | Form | o-------------------o-----------------------------o | Potentiality | Actuality | | Receptivity | Possession | Exercise | | Life | Sleep | Waking | | Wax | Impression | | Axe | Edge | Cutting | | Eye | Vision | Seeing | | Body | Soul | o-------------------o-----------------------------o | Ship? | Sailor? | o-------------------o-----------------------------o
Table 7. Synthesis of Alignments
Table 7. Synthesis of Alignments o-------------------o-----------------------------o | Formal | Formative | o-------------------o-----------------------------o | Objective | Instrumental | | Passive | Active | | Afforded | Possessed | Exercised | | To Hold | To Have | To Use | | Receptivity | Possession | Exercise | | Potentiality | Actuality | | Matter | Form | o-------------------o-----------------------------o
Table 8. Boolean Product
Table 8. Boolean Product o---------o---------o---------o | %*% % %0% | %1% | o=========o=========o=========o | %0% % %0% | %0% | o---------o---------o---------o | %1% % %0% | %1% | o---------o---------o---------o
Table 9. Boolean Sum
Table 9. Boolean Sum o---------o---------o---------o | %+% % %0% | %1% | o=========o=========o=========o | %0% % %0% | %1% | o---------o---------o---------o | %1% % %1% | %0% | o---------o---------o---------o
Logical Tables
Table Templates
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Higher Order Propositions
\ x | 1 0 | F | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
F \ | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||
F0 | 0 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
F1 | 0 1 | (x) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
F2 | 1 0 | x | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F3 | 1 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Measure | Happening | Exactness | Existence | Linearity | Uniformity | Information |
m0 | nothing happens | |||||
m1 | just false | nothing exists | ||||
m2 | just not x | |||||
m3 | nothing is x | |||||
m4 | just x | |||||
m5 | everything is x | F is linear | ||||
m6 | F is not uniform | F is informed | ||||
m7 | not just true | |||||
m8 | just true | |||||
m9 | F is uniform | F is not informed | ||||
m10 | something is not x | F is not linear | ||||
m11 | not just x | |||||
m12 | something is x | |||||
m13 | not just not x | |||||
m14 | not just false | something exists | ||||
m15 | anything happens |
x : | 1100 | f | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
y : | 1010 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | |
f0 | 0000 | ( ) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
f1 | 0001 | (x)(y) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
f2 | 0010 | (x) y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
f3 | 0011 | (x) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
f4 | 0100 | x (y) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
f5 | 0101 | (y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f6 | 0110 | (x, y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f7 | 0111 | (x y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f8 | 1000 | x y | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f9 | 1001 | ((x, y)) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f10 | 1010 | y | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f11 | 1011 | (x (y)) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f12 | 1100 | x | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f13 | 1101 | ((x) y) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f14 | 1110 | ((x)(y)) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f15 | 1111 | (( )) |
x : | 1100 | f | α | α | α | α | α | α | α | α | α | α | α | α | α | α | α | α |
y : | 1010 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
f0 | 0000 | ( ) | 1 | |||||||||||||||
f1 | 0001 | (x)(y) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
f2 | 0010 | (x) y | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
f3 | 0011 | (x) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f4 | 0100 | x (y) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
f5 | 0101 | (y) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f6 | 0110 | (x, y) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f7 | 0111 | (x y) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
f8 | 1000 | x y | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
f9 | 1001 | ((x, y)) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f10 | 1010 | y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f11 | 1011 | (x (y)) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
f12 | 1100 | x | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f13 | 1101 | ((x) y) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
f14 | 1110 | ((x)(y)) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
f15 | 1111 | (( )) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
x : | 1100 | f | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β |
y : | 1010 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |
f0 | 0000 | ( ) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
f1 | 0001 | (x)(y) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
f2 | 0010 | (x) y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
f3 | 0011 | (x) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f4 | 0100 | x (y) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
f5 | 0101 | (y) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f6 | 0110 | (x, y) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f7 | 0111 | (x y) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
f8 | 1000 | x y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
f9 | 1001 | ((x, y)) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f10 | 1010 | y | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f11 | 1011 | (x (y)) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
f12 | 1100 | x | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
f13 | 1101 | ((x) y) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
f14 | 1110 | ((x)(y)) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
f15 | 1111 | (( )) | 1 |
A | Universal Affirmative | All | x | is | y | Indicator of " x (y)" = 0 |
E | Universal Negative | All | x | is | (y) | Indicator of " x y " = 0 |
I | Particular Affirmative | Some | x | is | y | Indicator of " x y " = 1 |
O | Particular Negative | Some | x | is | (y) | Indicator of " x (y)" = 1 |
Mnemonic | Category | Classical Form | Alternate Form | Symmetric Form | Operator |
E Exclusive |
Universal Negative |
All x is (y) | No x is y | (L11) | |
A Absolute |
Universal Affirmative |
All x is y | No x is (y) | (L10) | |
All y is x | No y is (x) | No (x) is y | (L01) | ||
All (y) is x | No (y) is (x) | No (x) is (y) | (L00) | ||
Some (x) is (y) | Some (x) is (y) | L00 | |||
Some (x) is y | Some (x) is y | L01 | |||
O Obtrusive |
Particular Negative |
Some x is (y) | Some x is (y) | L10 | |
I Indefinite |
Particular Affirmative |
Some x is y | Some x is y | L11 |
x : | 1100 | f | (L11) | (L10) | (L01) | (L00) | L00 | L01 | L10 | L11 |
y : | 1010 | no x is y |
no x is (y) |
no (x) is y |
no (x) is (y) |
some (x) is (y) |
some (x) is y |
some x is (y) |
some x is y | |
f0 | 0000 | ( ) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
f1 | 0001 | (x)(y) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
f2 | 0010 | (x) y | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
f3 | 0011 | (x) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
f4 | 0100 | x (y) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
f5 | 0101 | (y) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
f6 | 0110 | (x, y) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
f7 | 0111 | (x y) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
f8 | 1000 | x y | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
f9 | 1001 | ((x, y)) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
f10 | 1010 | y | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
f11 | 1011 | (x (y)) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
f12 | 1100 | x | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
f13 | 1101 | ((x) y) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
f14 | 1110 | ((x)(y)) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
f15 | 1111 | (( )) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Table 7. Higher Order Propositions (n = 1) o------o-----o-----o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o---o | \ x | 1 0 | F |m |m |m |m |m |m |m |m |m |m |m |m |m |m |m |m | | F \ | | |00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09|10|11|12|13|14|15 | o------o-----o-----o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o---o | | | | | | F_0 | 0 0 | 0 | 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 | | | | | | | F_1 | 0 1 | (x) | 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 | | | | | | | F_2 | 1 0 | x | 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | F_3 | 1 1 | 1 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | o------o-----o-----o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o---o
Table 8. Interpretive Categories for Higher Order Propositions (n = 1) o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o |Measure| Happening| Exactness | Existence | Linearity|Uniformity|Information| o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_0 | nothing | | | | | | | | happens | | | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_1 | | | nothing | | | | | | | just false | exists | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_2 | | | | | | | | | | just not x | | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_3 | | | nothing | | | | | | | | is x | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_4 | | | | | | | | | | just x | | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_5 | | | everything | F is | | | | | | | is x | linear | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_6 | | | | | F is not | F is | | | | | | | uniform | informed | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_7 | | not | | | | | | | | just true | | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_8 | | | | | | | | | | just true | | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_9 | | | | | F is | F is not | | | | | | | uniform | informed | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_10 | | | something | F is not | | | | | | | is not x | linear | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_11 | | not | | | | | | | | just x | | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_12 | | | something | | | | | | | | is x | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_13 | | not | | | | | | | | just not x | | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_14 | | not | something | | | | | | | just false | exists | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o | m_15 | anything | | | | | | | | happens | | | | | | o-------o----------o------------o------------o----------o----------o-----------o
Table 9. Higher Order Propositions (n = 2) o------o------o----------o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o | | x | 1100 | f |m|m|m|m|m|m|m|m|m|m|m|m|m|m|m|m|.| | | y | 1010 | |0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|1|1|1|.| | f \ | | |0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|.| o------o------o----------o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o | | | | | | f_0 | 0000 | () |0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 | | | | | | | f_1 | 0001 | (x)(y) | 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 | | | | | | | f_2 | 0010 | (x) y | 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_3 | 0011 | (x) | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_4 | 0100 | x (y) | | | | | | | | f_5 | 0101 | (y) | | | | | | | | f_6 | 0110 | (x, y) | | | | | | | | f_7 | 0111 | (x y) | | | | | | | o------o------o----------o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o | | | | | | f_8 | 1000 | x y | | | | | | | | f_9 | 1001 | ((x, y)) | | | | | | | | f_10 | 1010 | y | | | | | | | | f_11 | 1011 | (x (y)) | | | | | | | | f_12 | 1100 | x | | | | | | | | f_13 | 1101 | ((x) y) | | | | | | | | f_14 | 1110 | ((x)(y)) | | | | | | | | f_15 | 1111 | (()) | | | | | | | o------o------o----------o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o
Table 10. Qualifiers of Implication Ordering: !a!_i f = !Y!(f_i => f) o------o------o----------o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o | | x | 1100 | f |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a | | | y | 1010 | |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | | f \ | | |5 |4 |3 |2 |1 |0 |9 |8 |7 |6 |5 |4 |3 |2 |1 |0 | o------o------o----------o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o | | | | | | f_0 | 0000 | () | 1 | | | | | | | f_1 | 0001 | (x)(y) | 1 1 | | | | | | | f_2 | 0010 | (x) y | 1 1 | | | | | | | f_3 | 0011 | (x) | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_4 | 0100 | x (y) | 1 1 | | | | | | | f_5 | 0101 | (y) | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_6 | 0110 | (x, y) | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_7 | 0111 | (x y) | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_8 | 1000 | x y | 1 1 | | | | | | | f_9 | 1001 | ((x, y)) | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_10 | 1010 | y | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_11 | 1011 | (x (y)) | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_12 | 1100 | x | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_13 | 1101 | ((x) y) | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_14 | 1110 | ((x)(y)) | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_15 | 1111 | (()) |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | o------o------o----------o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o
Table 11. Qualifiers of Implication Ordering: !b!_i f = !Y!(f => f_i) o------o------o----------o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o | | x | 1100 | f |b |b |b |b |b |b |b |b |b |b |b |b |b |b |b |b | | | y | 1010 | |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 | | f \ | | |0 |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |0 |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | o------o------o----------o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o | | | | | | f_0 | 0000 | () |1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_1 | 0001 | (x)(y) | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_2 | 0010 | (x) y | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_3 | 0011 | (x) | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_4 | 0100 | x (y) | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_5 | 0101 | (y) | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_6 | 0110 | (x, y) | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_7 | 0111 | (x y) | 1 1 | | | | | | | f_8 | 1000 | x y | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_9 | 1001 | ((x, y)) | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_10 | 1010 | y | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_11 | 1011 | (x (y)) | 1 1 | | | | | | | f_12 | 1100 | x | 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_13 | 1101 | ((x) y) | 1 1 | | | | | | | f_14 | 1110 | ((x)(y)) | 1 1 | | | | | | | f_15 | 1111 | (()) | 1 | | | | | | o------o------o----------o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o--o
Table 13. Syllogistic Premisses as Higher Order Indicator Functions o---o------------------------o-----------------o---------------------------o | | | | | | A | Universal Affirmative | All x is y | Indicator of " x (y)" = 0 | | | | | | | E | Universal Negative | All x is (y) | Indicator of " x y " = 0 | | | | | | | I | Particular Affirmative | Some x is y | Indicator of " x y " = 1 | | | | | | | O | Particular Negative | Some x is (y) | Indicator of " x (y)" = 1 | | | | | | o---o------------------------o-----------------o---------------------------o
Table 14. Relation of Quantifiers to Higher Order Propositions o------------o------------o-----------o-----------o-----------o-----------o | Mnemonic | Category | Classical | Alternate | Symmetric | Operator | | | | Form | Form | Form | | o============o============o===========o===========o===========o===========o | E | Universal | All x | | No x | (L_11) | | Exclusive | Negative | is (y) | | is y | | o------------o------------o-----------o-----------o-----------o-----------o | A | Universal | All x | | No x | (L_10) | | Absolute | Affrmtve | is y | | is (y) | | o------------o------------o-----------o-----------o-----------o-----------o | | | All y | No y | No (x) | (L_01) | | | | is x | is (x) | is y | | o------------o------------o-----------o-----------o-----------o-----------o | | | All (y) | No (y) | No (x) | (L_00) | | | | is x | is (x) | is (y) | | o------------o------------o-----------o-----------o-----------o-----------o | | | Some (x) | | Some (x) | L_00 | | | | is (y) | | is (y) | | o------------o------------o-----------o-----------o-----------o-----------o | | | Some (x) | | Some (x) | L_01 | | | | is y | | is y | | o------------o------------o-----------o-----------o-----------o-----------o | O | Particular | Some x | | Some x | L_10 | | Obtrusive | Negative | is (y) | | is (y) | | o------------o------------o-----------o-----------o-----------o-----------o | I | Particular | Some x | | Some x | L_11 | | Indefinite | Affrmtve | is y | | is y | | o------------o------------o-----------o-----------o-----------o-----------o
Table 15. Simple Qualifiers of Propositions (n = 2) o------o------o----------o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o | | x | 1100 | f |(L11)|(L10)|(L01)|(L00)| L00 | L01 | L10 | L11 | | | y | 1010 | |no x|no x|no ~x|no ~x|sm ~x|sm ~x|sm x|sm x| | f \ | | |is y|is ~y|is y|is ~y|is ~y|is y|is ~y|is y| o------o------o----------o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o | | | | | | f_0 | 0000 | () | 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 | | | | | | | f_1 | 0001 | (x)(y) | 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 | | | | | | | f_2 | 0010 | (x) y | 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 | | | | | | | f_3 | 0011 | (x) | 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 | | | | | | | f_4 | 0100 | x (y) | 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 | | | | | | | f_5 | 0101 | (y) | 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 | | | | | | | f_6 | 0110 | (x, y) | 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 | | | | | | | f_7 | 0111 | (x y) | 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 | | | | | | | f_8 | 1000 | x y | 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 | | | | | | | f_9 | 1001 | ((x, y)) | 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 | | | | | | | f_10 | 1010 | y | 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 | | | | | | | f_11 | 1011 | (x (y)) | 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 | | | | | | | f_12 | 1100 | x | 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 | | | | | | | f_13 | 1101 | ((x) y) | 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 | | | | | | | f_14 | 1110 | ((x)(y)) | 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 | | | | | | | f_15 | 1111 | (()) | 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | o------o------o----------o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o-----o
Zeroth Order Logic
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
x : | 1 1 0 0 | ||||
y : | 1 0 1 0 | ||||
f0 | f0000 | 0 0 0 0 | ( ) | false | 0 |
f1 | f0001 | 0 0 0 1 | (x)(y) | neither x nor y | ¬x ∧ ¬y |
f2 | f0010 | 0 0 1 0 | (x) y | y and not x | ¬x ∧ y |
f3 | f0011 | 0 0 1 1 | (x) | not x | ¬x |
f4 | f0100 | 0 1 0 0 | x (y) | x and not y | x ∧ ¬y |
f5 | f0101 | 0 1 0 1 | (y) | not y | ¬y |
f6 | f0110 | 0 1 1 0 | (x, y) | x not equal to y | x ≠ y |
f7 | f0111 | 0 1 1 1 | (x y) | not both x and y | ¬x ∨ ¬y |
f8 | f1000 | 1 0 0 0 | x y | x and y | x ∧ y |
f9 | f1001 | 1 0 0 1 | ((x, y)) | x equal to y | x = y |
f10 | f1010 | 1 0 1 0 | y | y | y |
f11 | f1011 | 1 0 1 1 | (x (y)) | not x without y | x → y |
f12 | f1100 | 1 1 0 0 | x | x | x |
f13 | f1101 | 1 1 0 1 | ((x) y) | not y without x | x ← y |
f14 | f1110 | 1 1 1 0 | ((x)(y)) | x or y | x ∨ y |
f15 | f1111 | 1 1 1 1 | (( )) | true | 1 |
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
x : | 1 1 0 0 | ||||
y : | 1 0 1 0 | ||||
f0 | f0000 | 0 0 0 0 | ( ) | false | 0 |
f1 | f0001 | 0 0 0 1 | (x)(y) | neither x nor y | ¬x ∧ ¬y |
f2 | f0010 | 0 0 1 0 | (x) y | y and not x | ¬x ∧ y |
f3 | f0011 | 0 0 1 1 | (x) | not x | ¬x |
f4 | f0100 | 0 1 0 0 | x (y) | x and not y | x ∧ ¬y |
f5 | f0101 | 0 1 0 1 | (y) | not y | ¬y |
f6 | f0110 | 0 1 1 0 | (x, y) | x not equal to y | x ≠ y |
f7 | f0111 | 0 1 1 1 | (x y) | not both x and y | ¬x ∨ ¬y |
f8 | f1000 | 1 0 0 0 | x y | x and y | x ∧ y |
f9 | f1001 | 1 0 0 1 | ((x, y)) | x equal to y | x = y |
f10 | f1010 | 1 0 1 0 | y | y | y |
f11 | f1011 | 1 0 1 1 | (x (y)) | not x without y | x → y |
f12 | f1100 | 1 1 0 0 | x | x | x |
f13 | f1101 | 1 1 0 1 | ((x) y) | not y without x | x ← y |
f14 | f1110 | 1 1 1 0 | ((x)(y)) | x or y | x ∨ y |
f15 | f1111 | 1 1 1 1 | (( )) | true | 1 |
Template Draft
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x : | 1 1 0 0 | |||||
y : | 1 0 1 0 | |||||
f0 | f0000 | 0 0 0 0 | ( ) | false | 0 | Falsity |
f1 | f0001 | 0 0 0 1 | (x)(y) | neither x nor y | ¬x ∧ ¬y | NNOR |
f2 | f0010 | 0 0 1 0 | (x) y | y and not x | ¬x ∧ y | Insuccede |
f3 | f0011 | 0 0 1 1 | (x) | not x | ¬x | Not One |
f4 | f0100 | 0 1 0 0 | x (y) | x and not y | x ∧ ¬y | Imprecede |
f5 | f0101 | 0 1 0 1 | (y) | not y | ¬y | Not Two |
f6 | f0110 | 0 1 1 0 | (x, y) | x not equal to y | x ≠ y | Inequality |
f7 | f0111 | 0 1 1 1 | (x y) | not both x and y | ¬x ∨ ¬y | NAND |
f8 | f1000 | 1 0 0 0 | x y | x and y | x ∧ y | Conjunction |
f9 | f1001 | 1 0 0 1 | ((x, y)) | x equal to y | x = y | Equality |
f10 | f1010 | 1 0 1 0 | y | y | y | Two |
f11 | f1011 | 1 0 1 1 | (x (y)) | not x without y | x → y | Implication |
f12 | f1100 | 1 1 0 0 | x | x | x | One |
f13 | f1101 | 1 1 0 1 | ((x) y) | not y without x | x ← y | Involution |
f14 | f1110 | 1 1 1 0 | ((x)(y)) | x or y | x ∨ y | Disjunction |
f15 | f1111 | 1 1 1 1 | (( )) | true | 1 | Tautology |
Truth Tables
Logical negation
Logical negation is an operation on one logical value, typically the value of a proposition, that produces a value of true when its operand is false and a value of false when its operand is true.
The truth table of NOT p (also written as ~p or ¬p) is as follows:
p | ¬p |
---|---|
F | T |
T | F |
The logical negation of a proposition p is notated in different ways in various contexts of discussion and fields of application. Among these variants are the following:
Notation | Vocalization |
---|---|
\(\bar{p}\) | bar p |
\(p'\!\) | p prime, p complement |
\(!p\!\) | bang p |
No matter how it is notated or symbolized, the logical negation ¬p is read as "it is not the case that p", or usually more simply as "not p".
- Within a system of classical logic, double negation, that is, the negation of the negation of a proposition p, is logically equivalent to the initial proposition p. Expressed in symbolic terms, ¬(¬p) ⇔ p.
- Within a system of intuitionistic logic, however, ¬¬p is a weaker statement than p. On the other hand, the logical equivalence ¬¬¬p ⇔ ¬p remains valid.
Logical negation can be defined in terms of other logical operations. For example, ~p can be defined as p → F, where → is material implication and F is absolute falsehood. Conversely, one can define F as p & ~p for any proposition p, where & is logical conjunction. The idea here is that any contradiction is false. While these ideas work in both classical and intuitionistic logic, they don't work in Brazilian logic, where contradictions are not necessarily false. But in classical logic, we get a further identity: p → q can be defined as ~p ∨ q, where ∨ is logical disjunction.
Algebraically, logical negation corresponds to the complement in a Boolean algebra (for classical logic) or a Heyting algebra (for intuitionistic logic).
Logical conjunction
Logical conjunction is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true if and only if both of its operands are true.
The truth table of p AND q (also written as p ∧ q, p & q, or p\(\cdot\)q) is as follows:
p | q | p ∧ q |
---|---|---|
F | F | F |
F | T | F |
T | F | F |
T | T | T |
Logical disjunction
Logical disjunction is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of false if and only if both of its operands are false.
The truth table of p OR q (also written as p ∨ q) is as follows:
p | q | p ∨ q |
---|---|---|
F | F | F |
F | T | T |
T | F | T |
T | T | T |
Logical equality
Logical equality is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true if and only if both operands are false or both operands are true.
The truth table of p EQ q (also written as p = q, p ↔ q, or p ≡ q) is as follows:
p | q | p = q |
---|---|---|
F | F | T |
F | T | F |
T | F | F |
T | T | T |
Exclusive disjunction
Exclusive disjunction is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true just in case exactly one of its operands is true.
The truth table of p XOR q (also written as p + q, p ⊕ q, or p ≠ q) is as follows:
p | q | p XOR q |
---|---|---|
F | F | F |
F | T | T |
T | F | T |
T | T | F |
The following equivalents can then be deduced:
\[\begin{matrix} p + q & = & (p \land \lnot q) & \lor & (\lnot p \land q) \\ \\ & = & (p \lor q) & \land & (\lnot p \lor \lnot q) \\ \\ & = & (p \lor q) & \land & \lnot (p \land q) \end{matrix}\]
Generalized or n-ary XOR is true when the number of 1-bits is odd.
A + B = (A ∧ !B) ∨ (!A ∧ B) = {(A ∧ !B) ∨ !A} ∧ {(A ∧ !B) ∨ B} = {(A ∨ !A) ∧ (!B ∨ !A)} ∧ {(A ∨ B) ∧ (!B ∨ B)} = (!A ∨ !B) ∧ (A ∨ B) = !(A ∧ B) ∧ (A ∨ B)
p + q = (p ∧ !q) ∨ (!p ∧ B) = {(p ∧ !q) ∨ !p} ∧ {(p ∧ !q) ∨ q} = {(p ∨ !q) ∧ (!q ∨ !p)} ∧ {(p ∨ q) ∧ (!q ∨ q)} = (!p ∨ !q) ∧ (p ∨ q) = !(p ∧ q) ∧ (p ∨ q)
p + q = (p ∧ ~q) ∨ (~p ∧ q) = ((p ∧ ~q) ∨ ~p) ∧ ((p ∧ ~q) ∨ q) = ((p ∨ ~q) ∧ (~q ∨ ~p)) ∧ ((p ∨ q) ∧ (~q ∨ q)) = (~p ∨ ~q) ∧ (p ∨ q) = ~(p ∧ q) ∧ (p ∨ q)
\[\begin{matrix} p + q & = & (p \land \lnot q) & \lor & (\lnot p \land q) \\ & = & ((p \land \lnot q) \lor \lnot p) & \and & ((p \land \lnot q) \lor q) \\ & = & ((p \lor \lnot q) \land (\lnot q \lor \lnot p)) & \land & ((p \lor q) \land (\lnot q \lor q)) \\ & = & (\lnot p \lor \lnot q) & \land & (p \lor q) \\ & = & \lnot (p \land q) & \land & (p \lor q) \end{matrix}\]
Logical implication
The material conditional and logical implication are both associated with an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of false if and only if the first operand is true and the second operand is false.
The truth table associated with the material conditional if p then q (symbolized as p → q) and the logical implication p implies q (symbolized as p ⇒ q) is as follows:
p | q | p ⇒ q |
---|---|---|
F | F | T |
F | T | T |
T | F | F |
T | T | T |
Logical NAND
The NAND operation is a logical operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of false if and only if both of its operands are true. In other words, it produces a value of true if and only if at least one of its operands is false.
The truth table of p NAND q (also written as p | q or p ↑ q) is as follows:
p | q | p ↑ q |
---|---|---|
F | F | T |
F | T | T |
T | F | T |
T | T | F |
Logical NNOR
The NNOR operation is a logical operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true if and only if both of its operands are false. In other words, it produces a value of false if and only if at least one of its operands is true.
The truth table of p NNOR q (also written as p ⊥ q or p ↓ q) is as follows:
p | q | p ↓ q |
---|---|---|
F | F | T |
F | T | F |
T | F | F |
T | T | F |
Relational Tables
Sign Relations
O | = | Object Domain | |
S | = | Sign Domain | |
I | = | Interpretant Domain |
O | = | {Ann, Bob} | = | {A, B} | |
S | = | {"Ann", "Bob", "I", "You"} | = | {"A", "B", "i", "u"} | |
I | = | {"Ann", "Bob", "I", "You"} | = | {"A", "B", "i", "u"} |
Object | Sign | Interpretant |
---|---|---|
A | "A" | "A" |
A | "A" | "i" |
A | "i" | "A" |
A | "i" | "i" |
B | "B" | "B" |
B | "B" | "u" |
B | "u" | "B" |
B | "u" | "u" |
Object | Sign | Interpretant |
---|---|---|
A | "A" | "A" |
A | "A" | "u" |
A | "u" | "A" |
A | "u" | "u" |
B | "B" | "B" |
B | "B" | "i" |
B | "i" | "B" |
B | "i" | "i" |
Triadic Relations
Algebraic Examples
X | Y | Z |
---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
X | Y | Z |
---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
Semiotic Examples
Object | Sign | Interpretant |
---|---|---|
A | "A" | "A" |
A | "A" | "i" |
A | "i" | "A" |
A | "i" | "i" |
B | "B" | "B" |
B | "B" | "u" |
B | "u" | "B" |
B | "u" | "u" |
Object | Sign | Interpretant |
---|---|---|
A | "A" | "A" |
A | "A" | "u" |
A | "u" | "A" |
A | "u" | "u" |
B | "B" | "B" |
B | "B" | "i" |
B | "i" | "B" |
B | "i" | "i" |
Dyadic Projections
LOS | = | projOS(L) | = | { (o, s) ∈ O × S : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some i ∈ I } | |
LSO | = | projSO(L) | = | { (s, o) ∈ S × O : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some i ∈ I } | |
LIS | = | projIS(L) | = | { (i, s) ∈ I × S : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some o ∈ O } | |
LSI | = | projSI(L) | = | { (s, i) ∈ S × I : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some o ∈ O } | |
LOI | = | projOI(L) | = | { (o, i) ∈ O × I : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some s ∈ S } | |
LIO | = | projIO(L) | = | { (i, o) ∈ I × O : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some s ∈ S } |
Method 1 : Subtitles as Captions
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Method 2 : Subtitles as Top Rows
projOS(LA)
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projOS(LB)
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projSI(LA)
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projSI(LB)
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projOI(LA)
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projOI(LB)
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Relation Reduction
Method 1 : Subtitles as Captions
X | Y | Z |
---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
X | Y | Z |
---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
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projXY(L0) = projXY(L1) | projXZ(L0) = projXZ(L1) | projYZ(L0) = projYZ(L1) |
Object | Sign | Interpretant |
---|---|---|
A | "A" | "A" |
A | "A" | "i" |
A | "i" | "A" |
A | "i" | "i" |
B | "B" | "B" |
B | "B" | "u" |
B | "u" | "B" |
B | "u" | "u" |
Object | Sign | Interpretant |
---|---|---|
A | "A" | "A" |
A | "A" | "u" |
A | "u" | "A" |
A | "u" | "u" |
B | "B" | "B" |
B | "B" | "i" |
B | "i" | "B" |
B | "i" | "i" |
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projXY(LA) ≠ projXY(LB) | projXZ(LA) ≠ projXZ(LB) | projYZ(LA) ≠ projYZ(LB) |
Method 2 : Subtitles as Top Rows
X | Y | Z |
---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
X | Y | Z |
---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
projXY(L0)
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projXZ(L0)
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projYZ(L0)
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projXY(L1)
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projXZ(L1)
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projYZ(L1)
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projXY(L0) = projXY(L1) | projXZ(L0) = projXZ(L1) | projYZ(L0) = projYZ(L1) |
Object | Sign | Interpretant |
---|---|---|
A | "A" | "A" |
A | "A" | "i" |
A | "i" | "A" |
A | "i" | "i" |
B | "B" | "B" |
B | "B" | "u" |
B | "u" | "B" |
B | "u" | "u" |
Object | Sign | Interpretant |
---|---|---|
A | "A" | "A" |
A | "A" | "u" |
A | "u" | "A" |
A | "u" | "u" |
B | "B" | "B" |
B | "B" | "i" |
B | "i" | "B" |
B | "i" | "i" |
projXY(LA)
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projXZ(LA)
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projYZ(LA)
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projXY(LB)
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projXZ(LB)
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projYZ(LB)
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projXY(LA) ≠ projXY(LB) | projXZ(LA) ≠ projXZ(LB) | projYZ(LA) ≠ projYZ(LB) |
Formatted Text Display
- So in a triadic fact, say, the example
A gives B to C |
- we make no distinction in the ordinary logic of relations between the subject nominative, the direct object, and the indirect object. We say that the proposition has three logical subjects. We regard it as a mere affair of English grammar that there are six ways of expressing this:
A gives B to C | A benefits C with B |
B enriches C at expense of A | C receives B from A |
C thanks A for B | B leaves A for C |
- These six sentences express one and the same indivisible phenomenon. (C.S. Peirce, "The Categories Defended", MS 308 (1903), EP 2, 170-171).
Work Area
x0 | x1 | 2f0 | 2f1 | 2f2 | 2f3 | 2f4 | 2f5 | 2f6 | 2f7 | 2f8 | 2f9 | 2f10 | 2f11 | 2f12 | 2f13 | 2f14 | 2f15 |
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0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Draft 1
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Draft 2
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Functional Quantifiers
Test Patterns
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Table 1
\(u:\) \(v:\) |
1100 1010 |
\(f\!\) | \(\alpha_0\) | \(\alpha_1\) | \(\alpha_2\) | \(\alpha_3\) | \(\alpha_4\) | \(\alpha_5\) | \(\alpha_6\) | \(\alpha_7\) | \(\alpha_8\) | \(\alpha_9\) | \(\alpha_{10}\) | \(\alpha_{11}\) | \(\alpha_{12}\) | \(\alpha_{13}\) | \(\alpha_{14}\) | \(\alpha_{15}\) |
\(f_0\) | 0000 | \((~)\) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_1\) | 0001 | \((u)(v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_2\) | 0010 | \((u) v\!\) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_3\) | 0011 | \((u)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_4\) | 0100 | \(u (v)\!\) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_5\) | 0101 | \((v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_6\) | 0110 | \((u, v)\!\) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_7\) | 0111 | \((u v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_8\) | 1000 | \(u v\!\) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_9\) | 1001 | \(((u, v))\!\) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_{10}\) | 1010 | \(v\!\) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_{11}\) | 1011 | \((u (v))\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_{12}\) | 1100 | \(u\!\) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_{13}\) | 1101 | \(((u) v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
\(f_{14}\) | 1110 | \(((u)(v))\!\) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
\(f_{15}\) | 1111 | \(((~))\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Table 2
\(u:\) \(v:\) |
1100 1010 |
\(f\!\) | \(\beta_0\) | \(\beta_1\) | \(\beta_2\) | \(\beta_3\) | \(\beta_4\) | \(\beta_5\) | \(\beta_6\) | \(\beta_7\) | \(\beta_8\) | \(\beta_9\) | \(\beta_{10}\) | \(\beta_{11}\) | \(\beta_{12}\) | \(\beta_{13}\) | \(\beta_{14}\) | \(\beta_{15}\) |
\(f_0\) | 0000 | \((~)\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
\(f_1\) | 0001 | \((u)(v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
\(f_2\) | 0010 | \((u) v\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
\(f_3\) | 0011 | \((u)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
\(f_4\) | 0100 | \(u (v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
\(f_5\) | 0101 | \((v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
\(f_6\) | 0110 | \((u, v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
\(f_7\) | 0111 | \((u v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
\(f_8\) | 1000 | \(u v\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
\(f_9\) | 1001 | \(((u, v))\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
\(f_{10}\) | 1010 | \(v\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
\(f_{11}\) | 1011 | \((u (v))\!\) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
\(f_{12}\) | 1100 | \(u\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
\(f_{13}\) | 1101 | \(((u) v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
\(f_{14}\) | 1110 | \(((u)(y))\!\) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
\(f_{15}\) | 1111 | \(((~))\!\) | 1 |
Table 3
\(u:\) \(v:\) |
1100 1010 |
\(f\!\) | \((\ell_{11})\) \(\text{No } u \) \(\text{is } v \) |
\((\ell_{10})\) \(\text{No } u \) \(\text{is }(v)\) |
\((\ell_{01})\) \(\text{No }(u)\) \(\text{is } v \) |
\((\ell_{00})\) \(\text{No }(u)\) \(\text{is }(v)\) |
\( \ell_{00} \) \(\text{Some }(u)\) \(\text{is }(v)\) |
\( \ell_{01} \) \(\text{Some }(u)\) \(\text{is } v \) |
\( \ell_{10} \) \(\text{Some } u \) \(\text{is }(v)\) |
\( \ell_{11} \) \(\text{Some } u \) \(\text{is } v \) |
\(f_0\) | 0000 | \((~)\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_1\) | 0001 | \((u)(v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_2\) | 0010 | \((u) v\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_3\) | 0011 | \((u)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_4\) | 0100 | \(u (v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_5\) | 0101 | \((v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_6\) | 0110 | \((u, v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_7\) | 0111 | \((u v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_8\) | 1000 | \(u v\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_9\) | 1001 | \(((u, v))\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{10}\) | 1010 | \(v\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{11}\) | 1011 | \((u (v))\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{12}\) | 1100 | \(u\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{13}\) | 1101 | \(((u) v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{14}\) | 1110 | \(((u)(v))\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{15}\) | 1111 | \(((~))\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
\(u:\) \(v:\) |
1100 1010 |
\(f\!\) | \((\ell_{11})\) \(\text{No } u \) \(\text{is } v \) |
\((\ell_{10})\) \(\text{No } u \) \(\text{is }(v)\) |
\((\ell_{01})\) \(\text{No }(u)\) \(\text{is } v \) |
\((\ell_{00})\) \(\text{No }(u)\) \(\text{is }(v)\) |
\( \ell_{00} \) \(\text{Some }(u)\) \(\text{is }(v)\) |
\( \ell_{01} \) \(\text{Some }(u)\) \(\text{is } v \) |
\( \ell_{10} \) \(\text{Some } u \) \(\text{is }(v)\) |
\( \ell_{11} \) \(\text{Some } u \) \(\text{is } v \) |
\(f_0\) | 0000 | \((~)\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_1\) | 0001 | \((u)(v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_2\) | 0010 | \((u) v\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_4\) | 0100 | \(u (v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_8\) | 1000 | \(u v\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_3\) | 0011 | \((u)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{12}\) | 1100 | \(u\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_6\) | 0110 | \((u, v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_9\) | 1001 | \(((u, v))\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_5\) | 0101 | \((v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{10}\) | 1010 | \(v\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_7\) | 0111 | \((u v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{11}\) | 1011 | \((u (v))\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{13}\) | 1101 | \(((u) v)\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{14}\) | 1110 | \(((u)(v))\!\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
\(f_{15}\) | 1111 | \(((~))\) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Table 4
\(\text{Mnemonic}\) | \(\text{Category}\) | \(\text{Classical Form}\) | \(\text{Alternate Form}\) | \(\text{Symmetric Form}\) | \(\text{Operator}\) |
\(\text{E}\!\) \(\text{Exclusive}\) |
\(\text{Universal}\) \(\text{Negative}\) |
\(\text{All}\ u\ \text{is}\ (v)\) | \(\text{No}\ u\ \text{is}\ v \) | \((\ell_{11})\) | |
\(\text{A}\!\) \(\text{Absolute}\) |
\(\text{Universal}\) \(\text{Affirmative}\) |
\(\text{All}\ u\ \text{is}\ v \) | \(\text{No}\ u\ \text{is}\ (v)\) | \((\ell_{10})\) | |
\(\text{All}\ v\ \text{is}\ u \) | \(\text{No}\ v\ \text{is}\ (u)\) | \(\text{No}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ v \) | \((\ell_{01})\) | ||
\(\text{All}\ (v)\ \text{is}\ u \) | \(\text{No}\ (v)\ \text{is}\ (u)\) | \(\text{No}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ (v)\) | \((\ell_{00})\) | ||
\(\text{Some}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ (v)\) | \(\text{Some}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ (v)\) | \(\ell_{00}\!\) | |||
\(\text{Some}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ v\) | \(\text{Some}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ v\) | \(\ell_{01}\!\) | |||
\(\text{O}\!\) \(\text{Obtrusive}\) |
\(\text{Particular}\) \(\text{Negative}\) |
\(\text{Some}\ u\ \text{is}\ (v)\) | \(\text{Some}\ u\ \text{is}\ (v)\) | \(\ell_{10}\!\) | |
\(\text{I}\!\) \(\text{Indefinite}\) |
\(\text{Particular}\) \(\text{Affirmative}\) |
\(\text{Some}\ u\ \text{is}\ v\) | \(\text{Some}\ u\ \text{is}\ y\) | \(\ell_{11}\!\) |