Delta Air Lines Flight 191

Delta Air Lines Flight 191

Summary
Date	August 2, 1985
Type	Microburst-induced Wind shear
Site	Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, Texas
Passengers	152
Crew	11
Injuries	27
Fatalities	135 (1 on the ground)
Survivors	29
Aircraft type	Lockheed L-1011-385-1 TriStar
Operator	Delta Air Lines
Tail number	N726DA
Flight origin	Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport
Stopover	Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport
Destination	Los Angeles International Airport

Delta Air Lines Flight 191 was an airline service from Fort Lauderdale, Florida's Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, bound for Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California, by way of Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. On the afternoon of August 2, 1985, Delta Air Lines flight 191 crashed while on approach to the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, killing 8 of 11 crew members and 126 of the 152 passengers on board and one person on the ground: a total of 135 deaths. This accident is one of the few commercial air crashes in which the meteorological phenomenon known as microburst-induced wind shear was a direct contributing factor.

Aircraft

The airplane used on that day was N726DA, a Lockheed L-1011-385-1 TriStar, a workhorse in Delta's fleet at the time. The flight was piloted by Captain Edward Conners, First Officer Rudolph Price and Second Officer Nick Nassick.

Crash

NTSB map indicating locations of passengers according to lack of injury, types of injuries, and deaths

As the aircraft flew over Louisiana, a thunderstorm formed directly in its path. The aircraft began its descent procedures over Louisiana, heading over the planned descent route. Captain Conners then recognized the forming thunderstorm and took action to change the plane's heading to avoid the turbulent weather.

At Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, weather was also poor and an Isolated thunderstorm developed near DFW. The Captain and copilot noticed the isolated storm ahead, but decided to proceed through it anyway which resulted in the aircraft getting caught up in a microburst.

At about 1500 feet above ground level (460 m), First Officer Price reported seeing lightning in one of the clouds ahead.

At 800 feet (240 m) above ground level, the aircraft airspeed accelerated without crew intervention. Although it was supposed to land at 149 knots IAS (276 km/h), it accelerated instead to 173 knots IAS (320 km/h). Price tried to stabilize the aircraft's speed, but Conners had recognized the aircraft's speed increase as a sign of wind shear, and he warned Price to watch the speed. Suddenly, the airspeed dropped from 173 to 133 knots IAS (320 to 246 km/h), and Price pushed the throttles forward, giving temporary lift. The airspeed then suddenly dropped to 119 knots IAS (220 km/h); on the cockpit voice recording Conners can be heard saying "Hang on to the son of a bitch!"

When Price tried to avoid a stall by pushing the nose down, the aircraft's vertical speed increased to 1,700 ft/min (520 m/min) before it came into contact with the ground.

Delta Flight 191 first impacted the ground on a field about 6,300 feet north of the approach end of runway 17L and bounced back into the air, then, while crossing State Highway 114, it came down again on top of a vehicle, killing its occupant. The aircraft skidded onto the airfield, collided with two 4-million US gallon (15,000 m³) water tanks at a speed of 220 knots, and exploded into flames. Most of the survivors of Flight 191 were located in the rear section of the aircraft which broke free from the main fuselage before the aircraft hit the water tanks.

Most of the survivors sat in the smoking section. One crash fatality gave birth to a child who later died. Authorities took most of the survivors to Parkland Memorial Hospital.

Investigation

After a lengthy investigation, the National Transportation Safety Board deemed the cause of the crash to be attributable to pilot error, combined with extreme weather phenomena associated with microburst-induced wind shear.

The crash of Delta Flight 191 was later the subject of a television movie called Fire and Rain.

The crash of Delta Flight 191 was also shown on an episode of When Weather Changed History on The Weather Channel.

The crash of Delta Flight 191 was also shown on an episode of Air Crash Investigation on National Geographic.

Passengers

• Don Estridge, known to the world as the father of the IBM PC, was killed aboard this flight along with much of the IBM executive team responsible for that project. The loss arguably put IBM at a competitive disadvantage against competitors such as Compaq. Since that accident, IBM's corporate travel policy has prohibited more than two company executives travelling on the same commercial airline flightTemplate:Fact.

• Russ Kerr and William Pugh, both high-level managers with the Chevron Corporation, also died in the crash

See also

• Microburst
• Lists of accidents and incidents on commercial airliners
• Air safety
• American Airlines Flight 191, an accident on Chicago in 1979 that killed 273 people, had the same flight number.
• Pan Am Flight 759

External links

• Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript
• Accident photos
• AirDisaster.com Special Report
• Pre-accident photos from Airliners.net
• DFW Delta Flight 191 - Essay from Mica Calfee, a fireman at the scene of the crash
• NTSB executive summary report
• "Like a Wall of Napalm"
• Advertisement for animations used in court
• Template:YouTube
• The crash of Flight 1141/Crash resurrects memories of 1985
• Vanderbilt University Television archive