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==Cactus Language==
 +
 +
===Ascii Tables===
 +
 +
<pre>
 +
Table 13.  The Existential Interpretation
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
| Ex |  Cactus Graph    | Cactus Expression |    Existential    |
 +
|    |                  |                  |  Interpretation  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|  1 |        @        |        " "        |      true.      |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |                  |
 +
|  2 |        @        |        ( )        |      untrue.      |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        a        |                  |                  |
 +
|  3 |        @        |        a        |        a.        |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        a        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |                  |
 +
|  4 |        @        |        (a)        |      not a.      |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a b c      |                  |                  |
 +
|  5 |        @        |      a b c      |  a and b and c.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a b c      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o o o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        \|/        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |                  |
 +
|  6 |        @        |    ((a)(b)(c))    |    a or b or c.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |    a implies b.  |
 +
|    |        a  b    |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o---o    |                  |    if a then b.  |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |                  |
 +
|  7 |        @        |    ( a (b))      |    no a sans b.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a  b      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o---o      |                  | a exclusive-or b. |
 +
|    |        \ /        |                  |                  |
 +
|  8 |        @        |    ( a , b )    | a not equal to b. |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a  b      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o---o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        \ /        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o        |                  | a if & only if b. |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |                  |
 +
|  9 |        @        |    (( a , b ))    | a equates with b. |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a  b  c      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o--o--o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      \  /      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        \ /        |                  |  just one false  |
 +
| 10 |        @        |  ( a , b , c )  |  out of a, b, c.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a  b  c      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o  o  o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      |  |  |      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o--o--o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      \  /      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        \ /        |                  |  just one true  |
 +
| 11 |        @        |  ((a),(b),(c))  |  among a, b, c.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |  genus a over    |
 +
|    |        b  c      |                  |  species b, c.  |
 +
|    |        o  o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a  |  |      |                  |  partition a    |
 +
|    |      o--o--o      |                  |  among b & c.    |
 +
|    |      \  /      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        \ /        |                  |  whole pie a:    |
 +
| 12 |        @        |  ( a ,(b),(c))  |  slices b, c.    |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
<br>
 +
 +
<pre>
 +
Table 14.  The Entitative Interpretation
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
| En |  Cactus Graph    | Cactus Expression |    Entitative    |
 +
|    |                  |                  |  Interpretation  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|  1 |        @        |        " "        |      untrue.      |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |                  |
 +
|  2 |        @        |        ( )        |      true.      |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        a        |                  |                  |
 +
|  3 |        @        |        a        |        a.        |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        a        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |                  |
 +
|  4 |        @        |        (a)        |      not a.      |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a b c      |                  |                  |
 +
|  5 |        @        |      a b c      |    a or b or c.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a b c      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o o o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        \|/        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |                  |
 +
|  6 |        @        |    ((a)(b)(c))    |  a and b and c.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |    a implies b.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o a      |                  |    if a then b.  |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |                  |
 +
|  7 |        @ b      |      (a) b        |    not a, or b.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a  b      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o---o      |                  | a if & only if b. |
 +
|    |        \ /        |                  |                  |
 +
|  8 |        @        |    ( a , b )    | a equates with b. |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a  b      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o---o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        \ /        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o        |                  | a exclusive-or b. |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |                  |
 +
|  9 |        @        |    (( a , b ))    | a not equal to b. |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a  b  c      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o--o--o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      \  /      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        \ /        |                  | not just one true |
 +
| 10 |        @        |  ( a , b , c )  | out of a, b, c.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a  b  c      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o--o--o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      \  /      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        \ /        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        o        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |  just one true  |
 +
| 11 |        @        |  (( a , b , c ))  |  among a, b, c.  |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      a            |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      o            |                  |  genus a over    |
 +
|    |      |  b  c      |                  |  species b, c.  |
 +
|    |      o--o--o      |                  |                  |
 +
|    |      \  /      |                  |  partition a    |
 +
|    |        \ /        |                  |  among b & c.    |
 +
|    |        o        |                  |                  |
 +
|    |        |        |                  |  whole pie a:    |
 +
| 12 |        @        |  (((a), b , c ))  |  slices b, c.    |
 +
|    |                  |                  |                  |
 +
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
<br>
 +
 +
<pre>
 +
Table 15.  Existential & Entitative Interpretations of Cactus Structures
 +
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
 +
|  Cactus Graph  |  Cactus String  |  Existential    |  Entitative    |
 +
|                |                | Interpretation  | Interpretation  |
 +
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
 +
|                |                |                |                |
 +
|        @        |      " "      |      true      |      false      |
 +
|                |                |                |                |
 +
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
 +
|                |                |                |                |
 +
|        o        |                |                |                |
 +
|        |        |                |                |                |
 +
|        @        |      ( )      |      false      |      true      |
 +
|                |                |                |                |
 +
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
 +
|                |                |                |                |
 +
|  C_1 ... C_k  |                |                |                |
 +
|        @        |  C_1 ... C_k  | C_1 & ... & C_k | C_1 v ... v C_k |
 +
|                |                |                |                |
 +
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
 +
|                |                |                |                |
 +
|  C_1 C_2  C_k  |                |  Just one      |  Not just one  |
 +
|  o---o-...-o  |                |                |                |
 +
|    \      /    |                |  of the C_j,    |  of the C_j,    |
 +
|    \    /    |                |                |                |
 +
|      \  /      |                |  j = 1 to k,    |  j = 1 to k,    |
 +
|      \ /      |                |                |                |
 +
|        @        | (C_1, ..., C_k) |  is not true.  |  is true.      |
 +
|                |                |                |                |
 +
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
 +
</pre>
 +
 
==Differential Logic==
 
==Differential Logic==
  

Revision as of 04:23, 30 June 2009

Cactus Language

Ascii Tables

Table 13.  The Existential Interpretation
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
| Ex |   Cactus Graph    | Cactus Expression |    Existential    |
|    |                   |                   |  Interpretation   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|  1 |         @         |        " "        |       true.       |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |         o         |                   |                   |
|    |         |         |                   |                   |
|  2 |         @         |        ( )        |      untrue.      |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |         a         |                   |                   |
|  3 |         @         |         a         |         a.        |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |         a         |                   |                   |
|    |         o         |                   |                   |
|    |         |         |                   |                   |
|  4 |         @         |        (a)        |       not a.      |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |       a b c       |                   |                   |
|  5 |         @         |       a b c       |   a and b and c.  |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |       a b c       |                   |                   |
|    |       o o o       |                   |                   |
|    |        \|/        |                   |                   |
|    |         o         |                   |                   |
|    |         |         |                   |                   |
|  6 |         @         |    ((a)(b)(c))    |    a or b or c.   |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |                   |                   |    a implies b.   |
|    |         a   b     |                   |                   |
|    |         o---o     |                   |    if a then b.   |
|    |         |         |                   |                   |
|  7 |         @         |     ( a (b))      |    no a sans b.   |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |       a   b       |                   |                   |
|    |       o---o       |                   | a exclusive-or b. |
|    |        \ /        |                   |                   |
|  8 |         @         |     ( a , b )     | a not equal to b. |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |       a   b       |                   |                   |
|    |       o---o       |                   |                   |
|    |        \ /        |                   |                   |
|    |         o         |                   | a if & only if b. |
|    |         |         |                   |                   |
|  9 |         @         |    (( a , b ))    | a equates with b. |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |      a  b  c      |                   |                   |
|    |      o--o--o      |                   |                   |
|    |       \   /       |                   |                   |
|    |        \ /        |                   |  just one false   |
| 10 |         @         |   ( a , b , c )   |  out of a, b, c.  |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |      a  b  c      |                   |                   |
|    |      o  o  o      |                   |                   |
|    |      |  |  |      |                   |                   |
|    |      o--o--o      |                   |                   |
|    |       \   /       |                   |                   |
|    |        \ /        |                   |   just one true   |
| 11 |         @         |   ((a),(b),(c))   |   among a, b, c.  |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |                   |                   |   genus a over    |
|    |         b  c      |                   |   species b, c.   |
|    |         o  o      |                   |                   |
|    |      a  |  |      |                   |   partition a     |
|    |      o--o--o      |                   |   among b & c.    |
|    |       \   /       |                   |                   |
|    |        \ /        |                   |   whole pie a:    |
| 12 |         @         |   ( a ,(b),(c))   |   slices b, c.    |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o


Table 14.  The Entitative Interpretation
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
| En |   Cactus Graph    | Cactus Expression |    Entitative     |
|    |                   |                   |  Interpretation   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|  1 |         @         |        " "        |      untrue.      |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |         o         |                   |                   |
|    |         |         |                   |                   |
|  2 |         @         |        ( )        |       true.       |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |         a         |                   |                   |
|  3 |         @         |         a         |         a.        |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |         a         |                   |                   |
|    |         o         |                   |                   |
|    |         |         |                   |                   |
|  4 |         @         |        (a)        |       not a.      |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |       a b c       |                   |                   |
|  5 |         @         |       a b c       |    a or b or c.   |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |       a b c       |                   |                   |
|    |       o o o       |                   |                   |
|    |        \|/        |                   |                   |
|    |         o         |                   |                   |
|    |         |         |                   |                   |
|  6 |         @         |    ((a)(b)(c))    |   a and b and c.  |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |                   |                   |    a implies b.   |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |         o a       |                   |    if a then b.   |
|    |         |         |                   |                   |
|  7 |         @ b       |      (a) b        |    not a, or b.   |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |       a   b       |                   |                   |
|    |       o---o       |                   | a if & only if b. |
|    |        \ /        |                   |                   |
|  8 |         @         |     ( a , b )     | a equates with b. |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |       a   b       |                   |                   |
|    |       o---o       |                   |                   |
|    |        \ /        |                   |                   |
|    |         o         |                   | a exclusive-or b. |
|    |         |         |                   |                   |
|  9 |         @         |    (( a , b ))    | a not equal to b. |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |      a  b  c      |                   |                   |
|    |      o--o--o      |                   |                   |
|    |       \   /       |                   |                   |
|    |        \ /        |                   | not just one true |
| 10 |         @         |   ( a , b , c )   | out of a, b, c.   |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |      a  b  c      |                   |                   |
|    |      o--o--o      |                   |                   |
|    |       \   /       |                   |                   |
|    |        \ /        |                   |                   |
|    |         o         |                   |                   |
|    |         |         |                   |   just one true   |
| 11 |         @         |  (( a , b , c ))  |   among a, b, c.  |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o
|    |                   |                   |                   |
|    |      a            |                   |                   |
|    |      o            |                   |   genus a over    |
|    |      |  b  c      |                   |   species b, c.   |
|    |      o--o--o      |                   |                   |
|    |       \   /       |                   |   partition a     |
|    |        \ /        |                   |   among b & c.    |
|    |         o         |                   |                   |
|    |         |         |                   |   whole pie a:    |
| 12 |         @         |  (((a), b , c ))  |   slices b, c.    |
|    |                   |                   |                   |
o----o-------------------o-------------------o-------------------o


Table 15.  Existential & Entitative Interpretations of Cactus Structures
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
|  Cactus Graph   |  Cactus String  |  Existential    |   Entitative    |
|                 |                 | Interpretation  | Interpretation  |
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
|                 |                 |                 |                 |
|        @        |       " "       |      true       |      false      |
|                 |                 |                 |                 |
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
|                 |                 |                 |                 |
|        o        |                 |                 |                 |
|        |        |                 |                 |                 |
|        @        |       ( )       |      false      |      true       |
|                 |                 |                 |                 |
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
|                 |                 |                 |                 |
|   C_1 ... C_k   |                 |                 |                 |
|        @        |   C_1 ... C_k   | C_1 & ... & C_k | C_1 v ... v C_k |
|                 |                 |                 |                 |
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o
|                 |                 |                 |                 |
|  C_1 C_2   C_k  |                 |  Just one       |  Not just one   |
|   o---o-...-o   |                 |                 |                 |
|    \       /    |                 |  of the C_j,    |  of the C_j,    |
|     \     /     |                 |                 |                 |
|      \   /      |                 |  j = 1 to k,    |  j = 1 to k,    |
|       \ /       |                 |                 |                 |
|        @        | (C_1, ..., C_k) |  is not true.   |  is true.       |
|                 |                 |                 |                 |
o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o-----------------o

Differential Logic

Ascii Tables

Table A1.  Propositional Forms On Two Variables
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
| L_1     | L_2     | L_3     | L_4      | L_5              | L_6      |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| Decimal | Binary  | Vector  | Cactus   | English          | Ordinary |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
|         |       x : 1 1 0 0 |          |                  |          |
|         |       y : 1 0 1 0 |          |                  |          |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_0     | f_0000  | 0 0 0 0 |    ()    | false            |    0     |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_1     | f_0001  | 0 0 0 1 |  (x)(y)  | neither x nor y  | ~x & ~y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_2     | f_0010  | 0 0 1 0 |  (x) y   | y and not x      | ~x &  y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_3     | f_0011  | 0 0 1 1 |  (x)     | not x            | ~x       |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_4     | f_0100  | 0 1 0 0 |   x (y)  | x and not y      |  x & ~y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_5     | f_0101  | 0 1 0 1 |     (y)  | not y            |      ~y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_6     | f_0110  | 0 1 1 0 |  (x, y)  | x not equal to y |  x +  y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_7     | f_0111  | 0 1 1 1 |  (x  y)  | not both x and y | ~x v ~y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_8     | f_1000  | 1 0 0 0 |   x  y   | x and y          |  x &  y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_9     | f_1001  | 1 0 0 1 | ((x, y)) | x equal to y     |  x =  y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_10    | f_1010  | 1 0 1 0 |      y   | y                |       y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_11    | f_1011  | 1 0 1 1 |  (x (y)) | not x without y  |  x => y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_12    | f_1100  | 1 1 0 0 |   x      | x                |  x       |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_13    | f_1101  | 1 1 0 1 | ((x) y)  | not y without x  |  x <= y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_14    | f_1110  | 1 1 1 0 | ((x)(y)) | x or y           |  x v  y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_15    | f_1111  | 1 1 1 1 |   (())   | true             |    1     |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
Table A2.  Propositional Forms On Two Variables
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
| L_1     | L_2     | L_3     | L_4      | L_5              | L_6      |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| Decimal | Binary  | Vector  | Cactus   | English          | Ordinary |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
|         |       x : 1 1 0 0 |          |                  |          |
|         |       y : 1 0 1 0 |          |                  |          |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_0     | f_0000  | 0 0 0 0 |    ()    | false            |    0     |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_1     | f_0001  | 0 0 0 1 |  (x)(y)  | neither x nor y  | ~x & ~y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_2     | f_0010  | 0 0 1 0 |  (x) y   | y and not x      | ~x &  y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_4     | f_0100  | 0 1 0 0 |   x (y)  | x and not y      |  x & ~y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_8     | f_1000  | 1 0 0 0 |   x  y   | x and y          |  x &  y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_3     | f_0011  | 0 0 1 1 |  (x)     | not x            | ~x       |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_12    | f_1100  | 1 1 0 0 |   x      | x                |  x       |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_6     | f_0110  | 0 1 1 0 |  (x, y)  | x not equal to y |  x +  y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_9     | f_1001  | 1 0 0 1 | ((x, y)) | x equal to y     |  x =  y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_5     | f_0101  | 0 1 0 1 |     (y)  | not y            |      ~y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_10    | f_1010  | 1 0 1 0 |      y   | y                |       y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_7     | f_0111  | 0 1 1 1 |  (x  y)  | not both x and y | ~x v ~y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_11    | f_1011  | 1 0 1 1 |  (x (y)) | not x without y  |  x => y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_13    | f_1101  | 1 1 0 1 | ((x) y)  | not y without x  |  x <= y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_14    | f_1110  | 1 1 1 0 | ((x)(y)) | x or y           |  x v  y  |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
| f_15    | f_1111  | 1 1 1 1 |   (())   | true             |    1     |
|         |         |         |          |                  |          |
o---------o---------o---------o----------o------------------o----------o
Table A3.  Ef Expanded Over Differential Features {dx, dy}
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
|      |     f      |   T_11 f   |   T_10 f   |   T_01 f   |   T_00 f   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
|      |            | Ef| dx dy  | Ef| dx(dy) | Ef| (dx)dy | Ef|(dx)(dy)|
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_0  |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_1  |   (x)(y)   |    x  y    |    x (y)   |   (x) y    |   (x)(y)   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_2  |   (x) y    |    x (y)   |    x  y    |   (x)(y)   |   (x) y    |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_4  |    x (y)   |   (x) y    |   (x)(y)   |    x  y    |    x (y)   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_8  |    x  y    |   (x)(y)   |   (x) y    |    x (y)   |    x  y    |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_3  |   (x)      |    x       |    x       |   (x)      |   (x)      |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_12 |    x       |   (x)      |   (x)      |    x       |    x       |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_6  |   (x, y)   |   (x, y)   |  ((x, y))  |  ((x, y))  |   (x, y)   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_9  |  ((x, y))  |  ((x, y))  |   (x, y)   |   (x, y)   |  ((x, y))  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_5  |      (y)   |       y    |      (y)   |       y    |      (y)   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_10 |       y    |      (y)   |       y    |      (y)   |       y    |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_7  |   (x  y)   |  ((x)(y))  |  ((x) y)   |   (x (y))  |   (x  y)   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_11 |   (x (y))  |  ((x) y)   |  ((x)(y))  |   (x  y)   |   (x (y))  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_13 |  ((x) y)   |   (x (y))  |   (x  y)   |  ((x)(y))  |  ((x) y)   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_14 |  ((x)(y))  |   (x  y)   |   (x (y))  |  ((x) y)   |  ((x)(y))  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_15 |    (())    |    (())    |    (())    |    (())    |    (())    |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|                   |            |            |            |            |
| Fixed Point Total |      4     |      4     |      4     |     16     |
|                   |            |            |            |            |
o-------------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
Table A4.  Df Expanded Over Differential Features {dx, dy}
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
|      |     f      | Df| dx dy  | Df| dx(dy) | Df| (dx)dy | Df|(dx)(dy)|
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_0  |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_1  |   (x)(y)   |  ((x, y))  |    (y)     |    (x)     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_2  |   (x) y    |   (x, y)   |     y      |    (x)     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_4  |    x (y)   |   (x, y)   |    (y)     |     x      |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_8  |    x  y    |  ((x, y))  |     y      |     x      |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_3  |   (x)      |    (())    |    (())    |     ()     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_12 |    x       |    (())    |    (())    |     ()     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_6  |   (x, y)   |     ()     |    (())    |    (())    |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_9  |  ((x, y))  |     ()     |    (())    |    (())    |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_5  |      (y)   |    (())    |     ()     |    (())    |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_10 |       y    |    (())    |     ()     |    (())    |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_7  |   (x  y)   |  ((x, y))  |     y      |     x      |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_11 |   (x (y))  |   (x, y)   |    (y)     |     x      |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_13 |  ((x) y)   |   (x, y)   |     y      |    (x)     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_14 |  ((x)(y))  |  ((x, y))  |    (y)     |    (x)     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_15 |    (())    |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
Table A5.  Ef Expanded Over Ordinary Features {x, y}
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
|      |     f      |  Ef | xy   | Ef | x(y)  | Ef | (x)y  | Ef | (x)(y)|
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_0  |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_1  |   (x)(y)   |   dx  dy   |   dx (dy)  |  (dx) dy   |  (dx)(dy)  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_2  |   (x) y    |   dx (dy)  |   dx  dy   |  (dx)(dy)  |  (dx) dy   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_4  |    x (y)   |  (dx) dy   |  (dx)(dy)  |   dx  dy   |   dx (dy)  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_8  |    x  y    |  (dx)(dy)  |  (dx) dy   |   dx (dy)  |   dx  dy   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_3  |   (x)      |   dx       |   dx       |  (dx)      |  (dx)      |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_12 |    x       |  (dx)      |  (dx)      |   dx       |   dx       |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_6  |   (x, y)   |  (dx, dy)  | ((dx, dy)) | ((dx, dy)) |  (dx, dy)  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_9  |  ((x, y))  | ((dx, dy)) |  (dx, dy)  |  (dx, dy)  | ((dx, dy)) |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_5  |      (y)   |       dy   |      (dy)  |       dy   |      (dy)  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_10 |       y    |      (dy)  |       dy   |      (dy)  |       dy   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_7  |   (x  y)   | ((dx)(dy)) | ((dx) dy)  |  (dx (dy)) |  (dx  dy)  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_11 |   (x (y))  | ((dx) dy)  | ((dx)(dy)) |  (dx  dy)  |  (dx (dy)) |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_13 |  ((x) y)   |  (dx (dy)) |  (dx  dy)  | ((dx)(dy)) | ((dx) dy)  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_14 |  ((x)(y))  |  (dx  dy)  |  (dx (dy)) | ((dx) dy)  | ((dx)(dy)) |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_15 |    (())    |    (())    |    (())    |    (())    |    (())    |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
Table A6.  Df Expanded Over Ordinary Features {x, y}
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
|      |     f      |  Df | xy   | Df | x(y)  | Df | (x)y  | Df | (x)(y)|
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_0  |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_1  |   (x)(y)   |   dx  dy   |   dx (dy)  |  (dx) dy   | ((dx)(dy)) |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_2  |   (x) y    |   dx (dy)  |   dx  dy   | ((dx)(dy)) |  (dx) dy   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_4  |    x (y)   |  (dx) dy   | ((dx)(dy)) |   dx  dy   |   dx (dy)  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_8  |    x  y    | ((dx)(dy)) |  (dx) dy   |   dx (dy)  |   dx  dy   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_3  |   (x)      |   dx       |   dx       |   dx       |   dx       |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_12 |    x       |   dx       |   dx       |   dx       |   dx       |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_6  |   (x, y)   |  (dx, dy)  |  (dx, dy)  |  (dx, dy)  |  (dx, dy)  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_9  |  ((x, y))  |  (dx, dy)  |  (dx, dy)  |  (dx, dy)  |  (dx, dy)  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_5  |      (y)   |       dy   |       dy   |       dy   |       dy   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_10 |       y    |       dy   |       dy   |       dy   |       dy   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_7  |   (x  y)   | ((dx)(dy)) |  (dx) dy   |   dx (dy)  |   dx  dy   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_11 |   (x (y))  |  (dx) dy   | ((dx)(dy)) |   dx  dy   |   dx (dy)  |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_13 |  ((x) y)   |   dx (dy)  |   dx  dy   | ((dx)(dy)) |  (dx) dy   |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_14 |  ((x)(y))  |   dx  dy   |   dx (dy)  |  (dx) dy   | ((dx)(dy)) |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
| f_15 |    (())    |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |     ()     |
|      |            |            |            |            |            |
o------o------------o------------o------------o------------o------------o
o----------o----------o----------o----------o----------o
|          %          |          |          |          |
|    ·     %   T_00   |   T_01   |   T_10   |   T_11   |
|          %          |          |          |          |
o==========o==========o==========o==========o==========o
|          %          |          |          |          |
|   T_00   %   T_00   |   T_01   |   T_10   |   T_11   |
|          %          |          |          |          |
o----------o----------o----------o----------o----------o
|          %          |          |          |          |
|   T_01   %   T_01   |   T_00   |   T_11   |   T_10   |
|          %          |          |          |          |
o----------o----------o----------o----------o----------o
|          %          |          |          |          |
|   T_10   %   T_10   |   T_11   |   T_00   |   T_01   |
|          %          |          |          |          |
o----------o----------o----------o----------o----------o
|          %          |          |          |          |
|   T_11   %   T_11   |   T_10   |   T_01   |   T_00   |
|          %          |          |          |          |
o----------o----------o----------o----------o----------o
o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o
|         %         |         |         |         |
|    ·    %    e    |    f    |    g    |    h    |
|         %         |         |         |         |
o=========o=========o=========o=========o=========o
|         %         |         |         |         |
|    e    %    e    |    f    |    g    |    h    |
|         %         |         |         |         |
o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o
|         %         |         |         |         |
|    f    %    f    |    e    |    h    |    g    |
|         %         |         |         |         |
o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o
|         %         |         |         |         |
|    g    %    g    |    h    |    e    |    f    |
|         %         |         |         |         |
o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o
|         %         |         |         |         |
|    h    %    h    |    g    |    f    |    e    |
|         %         |         |         |         |
o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o
Permutation Substitutions in Sym {A, B, C}
o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o
|         |         |         |         |         |         |
|    e    |    f    |    g    |    h    |    i    |    j    |
|         |         |         |         |         |         |
o=========o=========o=========o=========o=========o=========o
|         |         |         |         |         |         |
|  A B C  |  A B C  |  A B C  |  A B C  |  A B C  |  A B C  |
|         |         |         |         |         |         |
|  | | |  |  | | |  |  | | |  |  | | |  |  | | |  |  | | |  |
|  v v v  |  v v v  |  v v v  |  v v v  |  v v v  |  v v v  |
|         |         |         |         |         |         |
|  A B C  |  C A B  |  B C A  |  A C B  |  C B A  |  B A C  |
|         |         |         |         |         |         |
o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o
Matrix Representations of Permutations in Sym(3)
o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o
|         |         |         |         |         |         |
|    e    |    f    |    g    |    h    |    i    |    j    |
|         |         |         |         |         |         |
o=========o=========o=========o=========o=========o=========o
|         |         |         |         |         |         |
|  1 0 0  |  0 0 1  |  0 1 0  |  1 0 0  |  0 0 1  |  0 1 0  |
|  0 1 0  |  1 0 0  |  0 0 1  |  0 0 1  |  0 1 0  |  1 0 0  |
|  0 0 1  |  0 1 0  |  1 0 0  |  0 1 0  |  1 0 0  |  0 0 1  |
|         |         |         |         |         |         |
o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o---------o
Symmetric Group S_3
o-------------------------------------------------o
|                                                 |
|                        ^                        |
|                     e / \ e                     |
|                      /   \                      |
|                     /  e  \                     |
|                  f / \   / \ f                  |
|                   /   \ /   \                   |
|                  /  f  \  f  \                  |
|               g / \   / \   / \ g               |
|                /   \ /   \ /   \                |
|               /  g  \  g  \  g  \               |
|            h / \   / \   / \   / \ h            |
|             /   \ /   \ /   \ /   \             |
|            /  h  \  e  \  e  \  h  \            |
|         i / \   / \   / \   / \   / \ i         |
|          /   \ /   \ /   \ /   \ /   \          |
|         /  i  \  i  \  f  \  j  \  i  \         |
|      j / \   / \   / \   / \   / \   / \ j      |
|       /   \ /   \ /   \ /   \ /   \ /   \       |
|      (  j  \  j  \  j  \  i  \  h  \  j  )      |
|       \   / \   / \   / \   / \   / \   /       |
|        \ /   \ /   \ /   \ /   \ /   \ /        |
|         \  h  \  h  \  e  \  j  \  i  /         |
|          \   / \   / \   / \   / \   /          |
|           \ /   \ /   \ /   \ /   \ /           |
|            \  i  \  g  \  f  \  h  /            |
|             \   / \   / \   / \   /             |
|              \ /   \ /   \ /   \ /              |
|               \  f  \  e  \  g  /               |
|                \   / \   / \   /                |
|                 \ /   \ /   \ /                 |
|                  \  g  \  f  /                  |
|                   \   / \   /                   |
|                    \ /   \ /                    |
|                     \  e  /                     |
|                      \   /                      |
|                       \ /                       |
|                        v                        |
|                                                 |
o-------------------------------------------------o

Wiki Tables : New Versions

Propositional Forms on Two Variables


Table A1.  Propositional Forms on Two Variables
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6
  x : 1 1 0 0      
  y : 1 0 1 0      
f0 f0000 0 0 0 0 ( ) false 0
f1 f0001 0 0 0 1 (x)(y) neither x nor y ¬x ∧ ¬y
f2 f0010 0 0 1 0 (x) y y and not x ¬x ∧ y
f3 f0011 0 0 1 1 (x) not x ¬x
f4 f0100 0 1 0 0 x (y) x and not y x ∧ ¬y
f5 f0101 0 1 0 1 (y) not y ¬y
f6 f0110 0 1 1 0 (x, y) x not equal to y x ≠ y
f7 f0111 0 1 1 1 (x y) not both x and y ¬x ∨ ¬y
f8 f1000 1 0 0 0 x y x and y x ∧ y
f9 f1001 1 0 0 1 ((x, y)) x equal to y x = y
f10 f1010 1 0 1 0 y y y
f11 f1011 1 0 1 1 (x (y)) not x without y x ⇒ y
f12 f1100 1 1 0 0 x x x
f13 f1101 1 1 0 1 ((x) y) not y without x x ⇐ y
f14 f1110 1 1 1 0 ((x)(y)) x or y x ∨ y
f15 f1111 1 1 1 1 (( )) true 1


Table A2.  Propositional Forms on Two Variables
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6
  x : 1 1 0 0      
  y : 1 0 1 0      
f0 f0000 0 0 0 0 ( ) false 0

f1

f2

f4

f8

f0001

f0010

f0100

f1000

0 0 0 1

0 0 1 0

0 1 0 0

1 0 0 0

(x)(y)

(x) y

x (y)

x y

neither x nor y

not x but y

x but not y

x and y

¬x ∧ ¬y

¬x ∧ y

x ∧ ¬y

x ∧ y

f3

f12

f0011

f1100

0 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

(x)

x

not x

x

¬x

x

f6

f9

f0110

f1001

0 1 1 0

1 0 0 1

(x, y)

((x, y))

x not equal to y

x equal to y

x ≠ y

x = y

f5

f10

f0101

f1010

0 1 0 1

1 0 1 0

(y)

y

not y

y

¬y

y

f7

f11

f13

f14

f0111

f1011

f1101

f1110

0 1 1 1

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

(x y)

(x (y))

((x) y)

((x)(y))

not both x and y

not x without y

not y without x

x or y

¬x ∨ ¬y

x ⇒ y

x ⇐ y

x ∨ y

f15 f1111 1 1 1 1 (( )) true 1


Differential Propositions


Table 14.  Differential Propositions
  A : 1 1 0 0      
  dA : 1 0 1 0      
f0 g0 0 0 0 0 ( ) False 0

 
 
 
 

g1
g2
g4
g8

0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0

(A)(dA)
(A) dA
A (dA)
A dA

Neither A nor dA
Not A but dA
A but not dA
A and dA

¬A ∧ ¬dA
¬A ∧ dA
A ∧ ¬dA
A ∧ dA

f1
f2

g3
g12

0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0

(A)
A

Not A
A

¬A
A

 
 

g6
g9

0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1

(A, dA)
((A, dA))

A not equal to dA
A equal to dA

A ≠ dA
A = dA

 
 

g5
g10

0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0

(dA)
dA

Not dA
dA

¬dA
dA

 
 
 
 

g7
g11
g13
g14

0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0

(A dA)
(A (dA))
((A) dA)
((A)(dA))

Not both A and dA
Not A without dA
Not dA without A
A or dA

¬A ∨ ¬dA
A ⇒ dA
A ⇐ dA
A ∨ dA

f3 g15 1 1 1 1 (( )) True 1


Wiki Tables : Old Versions

Propositional Forms on Two Variables


Table 1. Propositional Forms on Two Variables
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6
  x : 1 1 0 0      
  y : 1 0 1 0      
f0 f0000 0 0 0 0 ( ) false 0
f1 f0001 0 0 0 1 (x)(y) neither x nor y ¬x ∧ ¬y
f2 f0010 0 0 1 0 (x) y y and not x ¬x ∧ y
f3 f0011 0 0 1 1 (x) not x ¬x
f4 f0100 0 1 0 0 x (y) x and not y x ∧ ¬y
f5 f0101 0 1 0 1 (y) not y ¬y
f6 f0110 0 1 1 0 (x, y) x not equal to y x ≠ y
f7 f0111 0 1 1 1 (x y) not both x and y ¬x ∨ ¬y
f8 f1000 1 0 0 0 x y x and y x ∧ y
f9 f1001 1 0 0 1 ((x, y)) x equal to y x = y
f10 f1010 1 0 1 0 y y y
f11 f1011 1 0 1 1 (x (y)) not x without y x → y
f12 f1100 1 1 0 0 x x x
f13 f1101 1 1 0 1 ((x) y) not y without x x ← y
f14 f1110 1 1 1 0 ((x)(y)) x or y x ∨ y
f15 f1111 1 1 1 1 (( )) true 1


Differential Propositions


Table 14. Differential Propositions
  A : 1 1 0 0      
  dA : 1 0 1 0      
f0 g0 0 0 0 0 ( ) False 0

 
 
 
 

g1
g2
g4
g8

0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0

(A)(dA)
(A) dA
A (dA)
A dA

Neither A nor dA
Not A but dA
A but not dA
A and dA

¬A ∧ ¬dA
¬A ∧ dA
A ∧ ¬dA
A ∧ dA

f1
f2

g3
g12

0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0

(A)
A

Not A
A

¬A
A

 
 

g6
g9

0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1

(A, dA)
((A, dA))

A not equal to dA
A equal to dA

A ≠ dA
A = dA

 
 

g5
g10

0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0

(dA)
dA

Not dA
dA

¬dA
dA

 
 
 
 

g7
g11
g13
g14

0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0

(A dA)
(A (dA))
((A) dA)
((A)(dA))

Not both A and dA
Not A without dA
Not dA without A
A or dA

¬A ∨ ¬dA
A → dA
A ← dA
A ∨ dA

f3 g15 1 1 1 1 (( )) True 1


Wiki TeX Tables : PQ


\(\text{Table A1.}~~\text{Propositional Forms on Two Variables}\)

\(\mathcal{L}_1\)

\(\text{Decimal}\)

\(\mathcal{L}_2\)

\(\text{Binary}\)

\(\mathcal{L}_3\)

\(\text{Vector}\)

\(\mathcal{L}_4\)

\(\text{Cactus}\)

\(\mathcal{L}_5\)

\(\text{English}\)

\(\mathcal{L}_6\)

\(\text{Ordinary}\)

  \(p\colon\!\) \(1~1~0~0\!\)      
  \(q\colon\!\) \(1~0~1~0\!\)      

\(\begin{matrix} f_0 \'"`UNIQ-MathJax1-QINU`"' '''Generalized''' or '''n-ary''' XOR is true when the number of 1-bits is odd. '"`UNIQ--pre-00000019-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--pre-0000001A-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--pre-0000001B-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ-MathJax2-QINU`"' ===='"`UNIQ--h-36--QINU`"'[[Logical implication]]==== The '''material conditional''' and '''logical implication''' are both associated with an [[logical operation|operation]] on two [[logical value]]s, typically the values of two [[proposition]]s, that produces a value of ''false'' if and only if the first operand is true and the second operand is false. The [[truth table]] associated with the material conditional '''if p then q''' (symbolized as '''p → q''') and the logical implication '''p implies q''' (symbolized as '''p ⇒ q''') is as follows: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" style="background:mintcream; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; width:45%" |+ '''Logical Implication''' |- style="background:aliceblue" ! style="width:15%" | p ! style="width:15%" | q ! style="width:15%" | p ⇒ q |- | F || F || T |- | F || T || T |- | T || F || F |- | T || T || T |} <br> ===='"`UNIQ--h-37--QINU`"'[[Logical NAND]]==== The '''NAND operation''' is a [[logical operation]] on two [[logical value]]s, typically the values of two [[proposition]]s, that produces a value of ''false'' if and only if both of its operands are true. In other words, it produces a value of ''true'' if and only if at least one of its operands is false. The [[truth table]] of '''p NAND q''' (also written as '''p | q''' or '''p ↑ q''') is as follows: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" style="background:mintcream; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; width:45%" |+ '''Logical NAND''' |- style="background:aliceblue" ! style="width:15%" | p ! style="width:15%" | q ! style="width:15%" | p ↑ q |- | F || F || T |- | F || T || T |- | T || F || T |- | T || T || F |} <br> ===='"`UNIQ--h-38--QINU`"'[[Logical NNOR]]==== The '''NNOR operation''' is a [[logical operation]] on two [[logical value]]s, typically the values of two [[proposition]]s, that produces a value of ''true'' if and only if both of its operands are false. In other words, it produces a value of ''false'' if and only if at least one of its operands is true. The [[truth table]] of '''p NNOR q''' (also written as '''p ⊥ q''' or '''p ↓ q''') is as follows: {| align="center" border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" style="background:mintcream; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; width:45%" |+ '''Logical NOR''' |- style="background:aliceblue" ! style="width:15%" | p ! style="width:15%" | q ! style="width:15%" | p ↓ q |- | F || F || T |- | F || T || F |- | T || F || F |- | T || T || F |} <br> =='"`UNIQ--h-39--QINU`"'Relational Tables== ==='"`UNIQ--h-40--QINU`"'Factorization=== {| align="center" style="text-align:center; width:60%" | {| align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" | \(\text{Table 7. Plural Denotation}\!\)

|- |

\(\text{Object}\!\) \(\text{Sign}\!\) \(\text{Interpretant}\!\)

\(\begin{matrix} o_1 \\ o_2 \\ o_3 \\ \ldots \\ o_k \\ \ldots \end{matrix}\)

\(\begin{matrix} s \\ s \\ s \\ \ldots \\ s \\ \ldots \end{matrix}\)

\(\begin{matrix} \ldots \\ \ldots \\ \ldots \\ \ldots \\ \ldots \\ \ldots \end{matrix}\)

|}


\(\text{Table 8. Sign Relation}~ L\)
\(\text{Object}\!\) \(\text{Sign}\!\) \(\text{Interpretant}\!\)

\(\begin{matrix} o_1 \\ o_2 \\ o_3 \end{matrix}\)

\(\begin{matrix} s \\ s \\ s \end{matrix}\)

\(\begin{matrix} \ldots \\ \ldots \\ \ldots \end{matrix}\)

Sign Relations

  O = Object Domain
  S = Sign Domain
  I = Interpretant Domain


  O = {Ann, Bob} = {A, B}
  S = {"Ann", "Bob", "I", "You"} = {"A", "B", "i", "u"}
  I = {"Ann", "Bob", "I", "You"} = {"A", "B", "i", "u"}


LA = Sign Relation of Interpreter A
Object Sign Interpretant
A "A" "A"
A "A" "i"
A "i" "A"
A "i" "i"
B "B" "B"
B "B" "u"
B "u" "B"
B "u" "u"


LB = Sign Relation of Interpreter B
Object Sign Interpretant
A "A" "A"
A "A" "u"
A "u" "A"
A "u" "u"
B "B" "B"
B "B" "i"
B "i" "B"
B "i" "i"


Triadic Relations

Algebraic Examples

L0 = {(x, y, z) ∈ B3 : x + y + z = 0}
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0


L1 = {(x, y, z) ∈ B3 : x + y + z = 1}
X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1


Semiotic Examples

LA = Sign Relation of Interpreter A
Object Sign Interpretant
A "A" "A"
A "A" "i"
A "i" "A"
A "i" "i"
B "B" "B"
B "B" "u"
B "u" "B"
B "u" "u"


LB = Sign Relation of Interpreter B
Object Sign Interpretant
A "A" "A"
A "A" "u"
A "u" "A"
A "u" "u"
B "B" "B"
B "B" "i"
B "i" "B"
B "i" "i"


Dyadic Projections

  LOS = projOS(L) = { (o, s) ∈ O × S : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some iI }
  LSO = projSO(L) = { (s, o) ∈ S × O : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some iI }
  LIS = projIS(L) = { (i, s) ∈ I × S : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some oO }
  LSI = projSI(L) = { (s, i) ∈ S × I : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some oO }
  LOI = projOI(L) = { (o, i) ∈ O × I : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some sS }
  LIO = projIO(L) = { (i, o) ∈ I × O : (o, s, i) ∈ L for some sS }


Method 1 : Subtitles as Captions

projOS(LA)
Object Sign
A "A"
A "i"
B "B"
B "u"
projOS(LB)
Object Sign
A "A"
A "u"
B "B"
B "i"


projSI(LA)
Sign Interpretant
"A" "A"
"A" "i"
"i" "A"
"i" "i"
"B" "B"
"B" "u"
"u" "B"
"u" "u"
projSI(LB)
Sign Interpretant
"A" "A"
"A" "u"
"u" "A"
"u" "u"
"B" "B"
"B" "i"
"i" "B"
"i" "i"


projOI(LA)
Object Interpretant
A "A"
A "i"
B "B"
B "u"
projOI(LB)
Object Interpretant
A "A"
A "u"
B "B"
B "i"


Method 2 : Subtitles as Top Rows

projOS(LA)
Object Sign
A "A"
A "i"
B "B"
B "u"
projOS(LB)
Object Sign
A "A"
A "u"
B "B"
B "i"


projSI(LA)
Sign Interpretant
"A" "A"
"A" "i"
"i" "A"
"i" "i"
"B" "B"
"B" "u"
"u" "B"
"u" "u"
projSI(LB)
Sign Interpretant
"A" "A"
"A" "u"
"u" "A"
"u" "u"
"B" "B"
"B" "i"
"i" "B"
"i" "i"


projOI(LA)
Object Interpretant
A "A"
A "i"
B "B"
B "u"
projOI(LB)
Object Interpretant
A "A"
A "u"
B "B"
B "i"


Relation Reduction

Method 1 : Subtitles as Captions

L0 = {(x, y, z) ∈ B3 : x + y + z = 0}
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0


L1 = {(x, y, z) ∈ B3 : x + y + z = 1}
X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1


projXY(L0)
X Y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
projXZ(L0)
X Z
0 0
0 1
1 1
1 0
projYZ(L0)
Y Z
0 0
1 1
0 1
1 0


projXY(L1)
X Y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
projXZ(L1)
X Z
0 1
0 0
1 0
1 1
projYZ(L1)
Y Z
0 1
1 0
0 0
1 1


projXY(L0) = projXY(L1) projXZ(L0) = projXZ(L1) projYZ(L0) = projYZ(L1)


LA = Sign Relation of Interpreter A
Object Sign Interpretant
A "A" "A"
A "A" "i"
A "i" "A"
A "i" "i"
B "B" "B"
B "B" "u"
B "u" "B"
B "u" "u"


LB = Sign Relation of Interpreter B
Object Sign Interpretant
A "A" "A"
A "A" "u"
A "u" "A"
A "u" "u"
B "B" "B"
B "B" "i"
B "i" "B"
B "i" "i"


projXY(LA)
Object Sign
A "A"
A "i"
B "B"
B "u"
projXZ(LA)
Object Interpretant
A "A"
A "i"
B "B"
B "u"
projYZ(LA)
Sign Interpretant
"A" "A"
"A" "i"
"i" "A"
"i" "i"
"B" "B"
"B" "u"
"u" "B"
"u" "u"


projXY(LB)
Object Sign
A "A"
A "u"
B "B"
B "i"
projXZ(LB)
Object Interpretant
A "A"
A "u"
B "B"
B "i"
projYZ(LB)
Sign Interpretant
"A" "A"
"A" "u"
"u" "A"
"u" "u"
"B" "B"
"B" "i"
"i" "B"
"i" "i"


projXY(LA) ≠ projXY(LB) projXZ(LA) ≠ projXZ(LB) projYZ(LA) ≠ projYZ(LB)


Method 2 : Subtitles as Top Rows

L0 = {(x, y, z) ∈ B3 : x + y + z = 0}
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0


L1 = {(x, y, z) ∈ B3 : x + y + z = 1}
X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1


projXY(L0)
X Y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
projXZ(L0)
X Z
0 0
0 1
1 1
1 0
projYZ(L0)
Y Z
0 0
1 1
0 1
1 0


projXY(L1)
X Y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
projXZ(L1)
X Z
0 1
0 0
1 0
1 1
projYZ(L1)
Y Z
0 1
1 0
0 0
1 1


projXY(L0) = projXY(L1) projXZ(L0) = projXZ(L1) projYZ(L0) = projYZ(L1)


LA = Sign Relation of Interpreter A
Object Sign Interpretant
A "A" "A"
A "A" "i"
A "i" "A"
A "i" "i"
B "B" "B"
B "B" "u"
B "u" "B"
B "u" "u"


LB = Sign Relation of Interpreter B
Object Sign Interpretant
A "A" "A"
A "A" "u"
A "u" "A"
A "u" "u"
B "B" "B"
B "B" "i"
B "i" "B"
B "i" "i"


projXY(LA)
Object Sign
A "A"
A "i"
B "B"
B "u"
projXZ(LA)
Object Interpretant
A "A"
A "i"
B "B"
B "u"
projYZ(LA)
Sign Interpretant
"A" "A"
"A" "i"
"i" "A"
"i" "i"
"B" "B"
"B" "u"
"u" "B"
"u" "u"


projXY(LB)
Object Sign
A "A"
A "u"
B "B"
B "i"
projXZ(LB)
Object Interpretant
A "A"
A "u"
B "B"
B "i"
projYZ(LB)
Sign Interpretant
"A" "A"
"A" "u"
"u" "A"
"u" "u"
"B" "B"
"B" "i"
"i" "B"
"i" "i"


projXY(LA) ≠ projXY(LB) projXZ(LA) ≠ projXZ(LB) projYZ(LA) ≠ projYZ(LB)


Formatted Text Display

So in a triadic fact, say, the example
A gives B to C
we make no distinction in the ordinary logic of relations between the subject nominative, the direct object, and the indirect object. We say that the proposition has three logical subjects. We regard it as a mere affair of English grammar that there are six ways of expressing this:
A gives B to C A benefits C with B
B enriches C at expense of A C receives B from A
C thanks A for B B leaves A for C
These six sentences express one and the same indivisible phenomenon. (C.S. Peirce, "The Categories Defended", MS 308 (1903), EP 2, 170-171).

Work Area

Binary Operations
x0 x1 2f0 2f1 2f2 2f3 2f4 2f5 2f6 2f7 2f8 2f9 2f10 2f11 2f12 2f13 2f14 2f15
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1


Draft 1

TRUTH TABLES FOR THE BOOLEAN OPERATIONS OF ARITY UP TO 2
Constants
0f0 0f1
0 1
    
Unary Operations
x0 1f0 1f1 1f2 1f3
0 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
    
Binary Operations
x0 x1 2f0 2f1 2f2 2f3 2f4 2f5 2f6 2f7 2f8 2f9 2f10 2f11 2f12 2f13 2f14 2f15
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Draft 2

TRUTH TABLES FOR THE BOOLEAN OPERATIONS OF ARITY UP TO 2
Constants
0f0 0f1
0 1
    
Unary Operations
x0 1f0 1f1 1f2 1f3
0 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
    
Binary Operations
x0 x1 2f0 2f1 2f2 2f3 2f4 2f5 2f6 2f7 2f8 2f9 2f10 2f11 2f12 2f13 2f14 2f15
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Inquiry and Analogy

Test Patterns

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1


1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1


1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1


Table 10

Table 10. Higher Order Propositions (n = 1)
\(x\): 1 0 \(f\) \(m_0\) \(m_1\) \(m_2\) \(m_3\) \(m_4\) \(m_5\) \(m_6\) \(m_7\) \(m_8\) \(m_9\) \(m_{10}\) \(m_{11}\) \(m_{12}\) \(m_{13}\) \(m_{14}\) \(m_{15}\)
\(f_0\) 0 0 \(0\!\) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
\(f_1\) 0 1 \((x)\!\) 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
\(f_2\) 1 0 \(x\!\) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
\(f_3\) 1 1 \(1\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1


Table 10. Higher Order Propositions (n = 1)
\(x:\) 1 0 \(f\!\) \(m_0\) \(m_1\) \(m_2\) \(m_3\) \(m_4\) \(m_5\) \(m_6\) \(m_7\) \(m_8\) \(m_9\) \(m_{10}\) \(m_{11}\) \(m_{12}\) \(m_{13}\) \(m_{14}\) \(m_{15}\)
\(f_0\) 0 0 \(0\!\) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
\(f_1\) 0 1 \((x)\!\) 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
\(f_2\) 1 0 \(x\!\) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
\(f_3\) 1 1 \(1\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1


Table 11

Table 11. Interpretive Categories for Higher Order Propositions (n = 1)
Measure Happening Exactness Existence Linearity Uniformity Information
\(m_0\!\) Nothing happens          
\(m_1\!\)   Just false Nothing exists      
\(m_2\!\)   Just not \(x\!\)        
\(m_3\!\)     Nothing is \(x\!\)      
\(m_4\!\)   Just \(x\!\)        
\(m_5\!\)     Everything is \(x\!\) \(f\!\) is linear    
\(m_6\!\)         \(f\!\) is not uniform \(f\!\) is informed
\(m_7\!\)   Not just true        
\(m_8\!\)   Just true        
\(m_9\!\)         \(f\!\) is uniform \(f\!\) is not informed
\(m_{10}\!\)     Something is not \(x\!\) \(f\!\) is not linear    
\(m_{11}\!\)   Not just \(x\!\)        
\(m_{12}\!\)     Something is \(x\!\)      
\(m_{13}\!\)   Not just not \(x\!\)        
\(m_{14}\!\)   Not just false Something exists      
\(m_{15}\!\) Anything happens          


Table 12

Table 12. Higher Order Propositions (n = 2)
\(x:\)
\(y:\)
1100
1010
\(f\!\) \(m_0\) \(m_1\) \(m_2\) \(m_3\) \(m_4\) \(m_5\) \(m_6\) \(m_7\) \(m_8\) \(m_9\) \(m_{10}\) \(m_{11}\) \(m_{12}\) \(m_{13}\) \(m_{14}\) \(m_{15}\) \(m_{16}\) \(m_{17}\) \(m_{18}\) \(m_{19}\) \(m_{20}\) \(m_{21}\) \(m_{22}\) \(m_{23}\)
\(f_0\) 0000 \((~)\) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
\(f_1\) 0001 \((x)(y)\!\)     1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
\(f_2\) 0010 \((x) y\!\)         1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
\(f_3\) 0011 \((x)\!\)                 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_4\) 0100 \(x (y)\!\)                                 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
\(f_5\) 0101 \((y)\!\)                                                
\(f_6\) 0110 \((x, y)\!\)                                                
\(f_7\) 0111 \((x y)\!\)                                                
\(f_8\) 1000 \(x y\!\)                                                
\(f_9\) 1001 \(((x, y))\!\)                                                
\(f_{10}\) 1010 \(y\!\)                                                
\(f_{11}\) 1011 \((x (y))\!\)                                                
\(f_{12}\) 1100 \(x\!\)                                                
\(f_{13}\) 1101 \(((x) y)\!\)                                                
\(f_{14}\) 1110 \(((x)(y))\!\)                                                
\(f_{15}\) 1111 \(((~))\!\)                                                


Table 12. Higher Order Propositions (n = 2)
\(u:\)
\(v:\)
1100
1010
\(f\!\) \(m_0\) \(m_1\) \(m_2\) \(m_3\) \(m_4\) \(m_5\) \(m_6\) \(m_7\) \(m_8\) \(m_9\) \(m_{10}\) \(m_{11}\) \(m_{12}\) \(m_{13}\) \(m_{14}\) \(m_{15}\) \(m_{16}\) \(m_{17}\) \(m_{18}\) \(m_{19}\) \(m_{20}\) \(m_{21}\) \(m_{22}\) \(m_{23}\)
\(f_0\) 0000 \((~)\) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
\(f_1\) 0001 \((u)(v)\!\) 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
\(f_2\) 0010 \((u) v\!\) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
\(f_3\) 0011 \((u)\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_4\) 0100 \(u (v)\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
\(f_5\) 0101 \((v)\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_6\) 0110 \((u, v)\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_7\) 0111 \((u v)\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_8\) 1000 \(u v\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_9\) 1001 \(((u, v))\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_{10}\) 1010 \(v\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_{11}\) 1011 \((u (v))\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_{12}\) 1100 \(u\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_{13}\) 1101 \(((u) v)\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_{14}\) 1110 \(((u)(v))\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_{15}\) 1111 \(((~))\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Table 13

Table 13. Qualifiers of Implication Ordering:  \(\alpha_i f = \Upsilon (f_i, f) = \Upsilon (f_i \Rightarrow f)\)
\(u:\)
\(v:\)
1100
1010
\(f\!\) \(\alpha_0\) \(\alpha_1\) \(\alpha_2\) \(\alpha_3\) \(\alpha_4\) \(\alpha_5\) \(\alpha_6\) \(\alpha_7\) \(\alpha_8\) \(\alpha_9\) \(\alpha_{10}\) \(\alpha_{11}\) \(\alpha_{12}\) \(\alpha_{13}\) \(\alpha_{14}\) \(\alpha_{15}\)
\(f_0\) 0000 \((~)\) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_1\) 0001 \((u)(v)\!\) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_2\) 0010 \((u) v\!\) 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_3\) 0011 \((u)\!\) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_4\) 0100 \(u (v)\!\) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_5\) 0101 \((v)\!\) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_6\) 0110 \((u, v)\!\) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_7\) 0111 \((u v)\!\) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_8\) 1000 \(u v\!\) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_9\) 1001 \(((u, v))\!\) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_{10}\) 1010 \(v\!\) 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
\(f_{11}\) 1011 \((u (v))\!\) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
\(f_{12}\) 1100 \(u\!\) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
\(f_{13}\) 1101 \(((u) v)\!\) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
\(f_{14}\) 1110 \(((u)(v))\!\) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
\(f_{15}\) 1111 \(((~))\) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1


Table 14

Table 14. Qualifiers of Implication Ordering:  \(\beta_i f = \Upsilon (f, f_i) = \Upsilon (f \Rightarrow f_i)\)
\(u:\)
\(v:\)
1100
1010
\(f\!\) \(\beta_0\) \(\beta_1\) \(\beta_2\) \(\beta_3\) \(\beta_4\) \(\beta_5\) \(\beta_6\) \(\beta_7\) \(\beta_8\) \(\beta_9\) \(\beta_{10}\) \(\beta_{11}\) \(\beta_{12}\) \(\beta_{13}\) \(\beta_{14}\) \(\beta_{15}\)
\(f_0\) 0000 \((~)\) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
\(f_1\) 0001 \((u)(v)\!\) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
\(f_2\) 0010 \((u) v\!\) 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
\(f_3\) 0011 \((u)\!\) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
\(f_4\) 0100 \(u (v)\!\) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
\(f_5\) 0101 \((v)\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
\(f_6\) 0110 \((u, v)\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
\(f_7\) 0111 \((u v)\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
\(f_8\) 1000 \(u v\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
\(f_9\) 1001 \(((u, v))\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
\(f_{10}\) 1010 \(v\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
\(f_{11}\) 1011 \((u (v))\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
\(f_{12}\) 1100 \(u\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
\(f_{13}\) 1101 \(((u) v)\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
\(f_{14}\) 1110 \(((u)(v))\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
\(f_{15}\) 1111 \(((~))\!\) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1


Figure 15

Table 16

Table 16. Syllogistic Premisses as Higher Order Indicator Functions

\(\begin{array}{clcl} \mathrm{A} & \mathrm{Universal~Affirmative} & \mathrm{All}\ u\ \mathrm{is}\ v & \mathrm{Indicator~of}\ u (v) = 0 \\ \mathrm{E} & \mathrm{Universal~Negative} & \mathrm{All}\ u\ \mathrm{is}\ (v) & \mathrm{Indicator~of}\ u \cdot v = 0 \\ \mathrm{I} & \mathrm{Particular~Affirmative} & \mathrm{Some}\ u\ \mathrm{is}\ v & \mathrm{Indicator~of}\ u \cdot v = 1 \\ \mathrm{O} & \mathrm{Particular~Negative} & \mathrm{Some}\ u\ \mathrm{is}\ (v) & \mathrm{Indicator~of}\ u (v) = 1 \\ \end{array}\)


Table 17

Table 17. Simple Qualifiers of Propositions (Version 1)
\(u:\)
\(v:\)
1100
1010
\(f\!\) \((\ell_{11})\)
\(\text{No } u \)
\(\text{is } v \)
\((\ell_{10})\)
\(\text{No } u \)
\(\text{is }(v)\)
\((\ell_{01})\)
\(\text{No }(u)\)
\(\text{is } v \)
\((\ell_{00})\)
\(\text{No }(u)\)
\(\text{is }(v)\)
\( \ell_{00} \)
\(\text{Some }(u)\)
\(\text{is }(v)\)
\( \ell_{01} \)
\(\text{Some }(u)\)
\(\text{is } v \)
\( \ell_{10} \)
\(\text{Some } u \)
\(\text{is }(v)\)
\( \ell_{11} \)
\(\text{Some } u \)
\(\text{is } v \)
\(f_0\) 0000 \((~)\) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
\(f_1\) 0001 \((u)(v)\!\) 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
\(f_2\) 0010 \((u) v\!\) 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
\(f_3\) 0011 \((u)\!\) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
\(f_4\) 0100 \(u (v)\!\) 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
\(f_5\) 0101 \((v)\!\) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
\(f_6\) 0110 \((u, v)\!\) 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
\(f_7\) 0111 \((u v)\!\) 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
\(f_8\) 1000 \(u v\!\) 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
\(f_9\) 1001 \(((u, v))\!\) 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
\(f_{10}\) 1010 \(v\!\) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
\(f_{11}\) 1011 \((u (v))\!\) 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
\(f_{12}\) 1100 \(u\!\) 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
\(f_{13}\) 1101 \(((u) v)\!\) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
\(f_{14}\) 1110 \(((u)(v))\!\) 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
\(f_{15}\) 1111 \(((~))\) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1


Table 18

Table 18. Simple Qualifiers of Propositions (Version 2)
\(u:\)
\(v:\)
1100
1010
\(f\!\) \((\ell_{11})\)
\(\text{No } u \)
\(\text{is } v \)
\((\ell_{10})\)
\(\text{No } u \)
\(\text{is }(v)\)
\((\ell_{01})\)
\(\text{No }(u)\)
\(\text{is } v \)
\((\ell_{00})\)
\(\text{No }(u)\)
\(\text{is }(v)\)
\( \ell_{00} \)
\(\text{Some }(u)\)
\(\text{is }(v)\)
\( \ell_{01} \)
\(\text{Some }(u)\)
\(\text{is } v \)
\( \ell_{10} \)
\(\text{Some } u \)
\(\text{is }(v)\)
\( \ell_{11} \)
\(\text{Some } u \)
\(\text{is } v \)
\(f_0\) 0000 \((~)\) 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
\(f_1\) 0001 \((u)(v)\!\) 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
\(f_2\) 0010 \((u) v\!\) 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
\(f_4\) 0100 \(u (v)\!\) 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
\(f_8\) 1000 \(u v\!\) 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
\(f_3\) 0011 \((u)\!\) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
\(f_{12}\) 1100 \(u\!\) 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
\(f_6\) 0110 \((u, v)\!\) 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
\(f_9\) 1001 \(((u, v))\!\) 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
\(f_5\) 0101 \((v)\!\) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
\(f_{10}\) 1010 \(v\!\) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
\(f_7\) 0111 \((u v)\!\) 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
\(f_{11}\) 1011 \((u (v))\!\) 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
\(f_{13}\) 1101 \(((u) v)\!\) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
\(f_{14}\) 1110 \(((u)(v))\!\) 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
\(f_{15}\) 1111 \(((~))\) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1


Table 19

Table 19. Relation of Quantifiers to Higher Order Propositions
\(\text{Mnemonic}\) \(\text{Category}\) \(\text{Classical Form}\) \(\text{Alternate Form}\) \(\text{Symmetric Form}\) \(\text{Operator}\)
\(\text{E}\!\)
\(\text{Exclusive}\)
\(\text{Universal}\)
\(\text{Negative}\)
\(\text{All}\ u\ \text{is}\ (v)\)   \(\text{No}\ u\ \text{is}\ v \) \((\ell_{11})\)
\(\text{A}\!\)
\(\text{Absolute}\)
\(\text{Universal}\)
\(\text{Affirmative}\)
\(\text{All}\ u\ \text{is}\ v \)   \(\text{No}\ u\ \text{is}\ (v)\) \((\ell_{10})\)
    \(\text{All}\ v\ \text{is}\ u \) \(\text{No}\ v\ \text{is}\ (u)\) \(\text{No}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ v \) \((\ell_{01})\)
    \(\text{All}\ (v)\ \text{is}\ u \) \(\text{No}\ (v)\ \text{is}\ (u)\) \(\text{No}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ (v)\) \((\ell_{00})\)
    \(\text{Some}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ (v)\)   \(\text{Some}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ (v)\) \(\ell_{00}\!\)
    \(\text{Some}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ v\)   \(\text{Some}\ (u)\ \text{is}\ v\) \(\ell_{01}\!\)
\(\text{O}\!\)
\(\text{Obtrusive}\)
\(\text{Particular}\)
\(\text{Negative}\)
\(\text{Some}\ u\ \text{is}\ (v)\)   \(\text{Some}\ u\ \text{is}\ (v)\) \(\ell_{10}\!\)
\(\text{I}\!\)
\(\text{Indefinite}\)
\(\text{Particular}\)
\(\text{Affirmative}\)
\(\text{Some}\ u\ \text{is}\ v\)   \(\text{Some}\ u\ \text{is}\ v\) \(\ell_{11}\!\)